我非常喜欢 TikZ 样式和装饰,但我仍然只是尝试一下。我知道如何用样式绘制丝带,如果它们不是扭曲的。但我想定义一种样式,让丝带沿途扭曲,丝带的正面和背面应该有不同的颜色。丝带应该能够沿着弯曲的路径弯曲。这可能吗?也许通过定义装饰?或者也许可以沿着路径插入贝塞尔曲线?
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\begin{document}
\tikzset{
ribbon/.style={
preaction={
preaction={
draw,
line width=0.25cm,
white
},
draw,
line width=0.2cm,
black!30!#1
},
line width=0.15cm,
#1
},
ribbon/.default=gray
}
Ribbons are easy, just with my previously defined style:
\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw[ribbon=green] (0,0) to[out=0,in=90] (2,0) to[out=270,in=270] (4,2);
\draw[ribbon] (0,1) to[out=30,in=150] (2,1) to[out=-30,in=120] (4,-1);
\end{tikzpicture}
How can I make a twisted ribbon a style?
\newcommand{\myangle}{20}
\begin{tikzpicture}[looseness=0.5]
\fill[green] (0,-0.1) to[out= 0,in=180+\myangle] (2,0) to[out=180-\myangle,in= 0] (0,0.1);
\fill[red] (4,-0.1) to[out=180,in= -\myangle] (2,0) to[out= \myangle,in=180] (4,0.1);
\draw (0,-0.1) to[out= 0,in=180+\myangle] (2,0) to[out= \myangle,in=180] (4,0.1);
\node[inner sep=1.5pt,fill,white] at (2,0) {};
\draw (4,-0.1) to[out=180,in= -\myangle] (2,0) to[out=180-\myangle,in= 0] (0,0.1);
\end{tikzpicture}
Ideally, I'd like to use this like so:
\begin{verbatim}
\draw[twistedribbon={red,green}] (0,0) -- (4,0);
\end{verbatim}
\end{document}
答案1
让我们修复这个元路径。
\documentclass[border=9,tikz]{standalone}
\usetikzlibrary{decorations.pathmorphing}
\begin{document}
\tikzset{
demo decoration/.style={
gray,
postaction={draw=red,decorate,decoration=#1}
}
}
\begin{tikzpicture}[remember picture]
\path(0,0)coordinate(A){}(3.7,0)coordinate(B){}(3.8,0)coordinate(C){};
\draw[demo decoration=snake](A)to[bend left](B);
\end{tikzpicture}
首先,我制作了一个装饰,画了一个平行线在元路径的左边。
\pgfdeclaredecoration{stay left}{initial}{
\state{initial}[width=0,next state=stay above]
{\pgfpathmoveto{\pgfqpoint{0pt}{\pgfdecorationsegmentamplitude}}}
\state{stay above}[width=\pgfdecorationsegmentlength,next state=stay above]
{\pgfpathlineto{\pgfqpoint{0pt}{\pgfdecorationsegmentamplitude}}}
\state{final}
{
\pgfpathlineto{\pgfqpoint{0pt}{\pgfdecorationsegmentamplitude}}
\pgfpathlineto{\pgfqpoint{\pgfdecoratedremainingdistance}{\pgfdecorationsegmentamplitude}}
\pgfpathmoveto{\pgfpointdecoratedpathlast}
}
}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw[demo decoration=stay left](A)to[bend left](B);
\end{tikzpicture}
接下来我创建了另一个从左到右交叉的。
\pgfdeclaredecoration{cross from left to right}{initial}{
\state{initial}[width=0,next state=stay above]
{\pgfpathmoveto{\pgfqpoint{0pt}{\pgfdecorationsegmentamplitude}}}
\state{stay above}[width=.5\pgfdecorationsegmentlength,next state=stay above,
switch if less than=.5*\pgfdecoratedpathlength+\pgfdecorationsegmentlength to snake down 1]
{\pgfpathlineto{\pgfqpoint{0pt}{\pgfdecorationsegmentamplitude}}}
\state{snake down 1}[width=.5\pgfdecorationsegmentlength,next state=snake down 2]
{\pgfpathlineto{\pgfqpoint{0pt}{\pgfdecorationsegmentamplitude}}}
\state{snake down 2}[width=.5\pgfdecorationsegmentlength,next state=snake down 3]
{\pgfpathlineto{\pgfqpoint{0pt}{.7\pgfdecorationsegmentamplitude}}}
\state{snake down 3}[width=.5\pgfdecorationsegmentlength,next state=snake down 4]
{\pgfpathlineto{\pgfqpoint{0pt}{0pt}}}
\state{snake down 4}[width=.5\pgfdecorationsegmentlength,next state=stay below]
{\pgfpathlineto{\pgfqpoint{0pt}{-.7\pgfdecorationsegmentamplitude}}}
\state{stay below}[width=.5\pgfdecorationsegmentlength,next state=stay below]
{\pgfpathlineto{\pgfqpoint{0pt}{-\pgfdecorationsegmentamplitude}}}
\state{final}
{
\pgfpathlineto{\pgfqpoint{0pt}{-\pgfdecorationsegmentamplitude}}
\pgfpathlineto{\pgfqpoint{\pgfdecoratedremainingdistance}{-\pgfdecorationsegmentamplitude}}
\pgfpathmoveto{\pgfpointdecoratedpathlast}
}
}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw[demo decoration=cross from left to right](A)to[bend left](B);
\end{tikzpicture}
因此,如果我们用不同的方式多次绘制这样的线条,我们就会得到一条丝带。
\tikzset{
monochromatic ribbon/.style={
repeat decoration CFLTR/.list={-5,-4,-3,-2,-1,0,1,2,3,4,5}
},
repeat decoration CFLTR/.style={
preaction={draw,decorate,decoration={cross from left to right,amplitude=#1*.5\pgflinewidth}}
}
}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw[monochromatic ribbon](A)to[bend left](B);
\end{tikzpicture}
为了使正面和背面的颜色不同,我们需要两个半丝带见面。
\pgfdeclaredecoration{cross from left to middle}{initial}{
\state{initial}[width=0,next state=stay above]
{\pgfpathmoveto{\pgfqpoint{0pt}{\pgfdecorationsegmentamplitude}}}
\state{stay above}[width=.5\pgfdecorationsegmentlength,
switch if less than=.5*\pgfdecoratedpathlength+\pgfdecorationsegmentlength to snake down 1]
{\pgfpathlineto{\pgfqpoint{0pt}{\pgfdecorationsegmentamplitude}}}
\state{snake down 1}[width=.5\pgfdecorationsegmentlength,next state=snake down 2]
{\pgfpathlineto{\pgfqpoint{0pt}{\pgfdecorationsegmentamplitude}}}
\state{snake down 2}[width=.5\pgfdecorationsegmentlength,next state=snake down 3]
{\pgfpathlineto{\pgfqpoint{0pt}{.6\pgfdecorationsegmentamplitude}}}
\state{snake down 3}[width=.5\pgfdecorationsegmentlength,next state=final]
{\pgfpathlineto{\pgfqpoint{0pt}{0pt}}}
\state{final}
{
\pgfpathmoveto{\pgfpointdecoratedpathlast}
}
}
\pgfdeclaredecoration{cross from middle to right}{initial}{
\state{initial}[width=0,next state=stay above]
{}
\state{stay above}[width=.5\pgfdecorationsegmentlength,
switch if less than=.5*\pgfdecoratedpathlength+\pgfdecorationsegmentlength to snake down 1]
{}
\state{snake down 1}[width=.5\pgfdecorationsegmentlength,next state=snake down 2]
{}
\state{snake down 2}[width=.5\pgfdecorationsegmentlength,next state=snake down 3]
{}
\state{snake down 3}[width=.5\pgfdecorationsegmentlength,next state=snake down 4]
{\pgfpathmoveto{\pgfqpoint{0pt}{0pt}}}
\state{snake down 4}[width=.5\pgfdecorationsegmentlength,next state=stay below]
{\pgfpathlineto{\pgfqpoint{0pt}{-.7\pgfdecorationsegmentamplitude}}}
\state{stay below}[width=.5\pgfdecorationsegmentlength,next state=stay below]
{\pgfpathlineto{\pgfqpoint{0pt}{-\pgfdecorationsegmentamplitude}}}
\state{final}
{
\pgfpathlineto{\pgfqpoint{0pt}{-\pgfdecorationsegmentamplitude}}
\pgfpathlineto{\pgfqpoint{\pgfdecoratedremainingdistance}{-\pgfdecorationsegmentamplitude}}
\pgfpathmoveto{\pgfpointdecoratedpathlast}
}
}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw[demo decoration=cross from left to middle](A)to[bend left](B);
\draw[brown,decorate,decoration=cross from middle to right](A)to[bend left](B);
\end{tikzpicture}
用不同的颜色重复它,我们就完成了。
\tikzset{
bichromatic ribbon/.style={
preaction={draw,decorate,decoration={cross from left to right,amplitude=-6*.5\pgflinewidth}},
repeat decoration CFLTM/.list={-5,-4,-3,-2,-1,0,1,2,3,4,5},
repeat decoration CFMTR/.list={-5,-4,-3,-2,-1,0,1,2,3,4,5},
preaction={draw,decorate,decoration={cross from left to right,amplitude=6*.5\pgflinewidth}},
},
repeat decoration CFLTM/.style={
preaction={draw=blue!50,decorate,decoration={cross from left to middle,amplitude=#1*.5\pgflinewidth}}
},
repeat decoration CFMTR/.style={
preaction={draw=teal!50,decorate,decoration={cross from middle to right,amplitude=#1*.5\pgflinewidth}}
}
}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\path[bichromatic ribbon](A)to[bend left](B);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}