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双列页面中表格中的垂直空间

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双列页面中表格中的垂直空间

我制作了一个横跨两列页面顶部的表格，但最后一列存在一个问题，即 $j$ 非常接近上方的水平线，而同一行中的其他元素具有相同的垂直高度。最后一列的“过渡”标题也出现了同样的问题。有没有办法让第一行（包含 $\lambda$ 和过渡的行）稍微宽一点？如何解决这些问题？

\newcolumntype{M}{>{\centering\arraybackslash}m{\dimexpr.096\linewidth-2\tabcolsep}}

  \begin{table*}[t!]
    \footnotesize
    \centering
    \begin{tabular}{|| M | M || M | M || M | M || M | M || M | M ||}
    \multicolumn{2}{c}{\bf Lyman} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{\bf Balmer} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{\bf Paschen} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{\bf Brackett} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{\bf Pfund} \\
    \hline
    $\lambda$(nm) & transition & $\lambda$(nm) & transition & $\lambda$(nm) & transition & $\lambda$(nm) & transition & $\lambda$(nm) & transition \\[1mm]
    \hline
    93.78 & 6$\rightarrow$1 & 410.2 & 6$\rightarrow$2 & 1094 & 6$\rightarrow$3 & 2630 & 6$\rightarrow$4 & 7400 & 6$\rightarrow$5 \\[1mm]
    94.98 & 5$\rightarrow$1 & 434.0 & 5$\rightarrow$2 & 1282 & 5$\rightarrow$3 & 4050 & 5$\rightarrow$4 &  & \\[1mm]
    97.25 & 4$\rightarrow$1 & 486.1 & 4$\rightarrow$2 & 1875 & 4$\rightarrow$3 &  &  &  & \\[1mm]
    102.6 & 3$\rightarrow$1 & 656.3 & 3$\rightarrow$2 &  &  &  &  &  & \\[1mm]
    121.6 & 2$\rightarrow$1 &  &  &  &  &  &  &  & \\[1mm]
    \hline
    $\frac{\lambda_{1,j}}{\lambda_{1,j+1}}$ & $j$ & $\frac{\lambda_{2,j}}{\lambda_{2,j+1}}$ & $j$ & $\frac{\lambda_{3,j}}{\lambda_{3,j+1}}$ & $j$ & $\frac{\lambda_{4,j}}{\lambda_{4,j+1}}$ & $j$ & $\frac{\lambda_{5,j}}{\lambda_{5,j+1}}$ & $j$ \\[4mm]
    \hline
    1.01 & 5 & 1.05 & 5 & 1.17 & 5 & 1.54 & 5 &  & \\[1mm]
    1.02 & 4 & 1.12 & 4 & 1.46 & 4 &  &  &  & \\[1mm]
    1.05 & 3 & 1.35 & 3 &  &  &  &  &  & \\[1mm]
    1.18 & 2 &  &  &  &  &  &  &  & \\[1mm]
    \hline
    \end{tabular}
    \caption{Expected hydrogen wavelengths, transitions and wavelength ratios.} 
    \end{table*}

这是序言。
\documentclass[aps,prl,reprint,twocolumn,secnumarabic,nobalancelastpage,amsmath,amssymb,nofootinbib]{revtex4}

        % nofootinbib is another document class option that allows you to put
        % footnotes on the page where they occur rather than at the end of the
        % paper.  This makes for easier reading!

        % secnumarabic is a particularly nice way of identifying sections by
        % number to aid electronic review and commentary.

        % amsmath and amssymb are necessary for the subequations environment
        % among others

        \usepackage{graphics}      % standard graphics specifications
        \usepackage{graphicx}      % alternative graphics specifications
        \usepackage{longtable}     % helps with long table options
        \usepackage{url}           % for on-line citations
        \usepackage{bm}            % special 'bold-math' package
        \usepackage{comment}
        \usepackage{fancyhdr}% http://ctan.org/pkg/{fancyhdr,graphicx,lastpage}
        \usepackage{color} 
        \usepackage{atbegshi}
        \usepackage{textcomp}
        \usepackage{siunitx}
        \usepackage{lipsum}
        \usepackage{float}
        \usepackage{array}
        \usepackage{tabularx}   % for 'tabularx' environment
        \newcolumntype{C}{>{\centering\arraybackslash}X}
        \usepackage{booktabs}   % for '\toprule', '\midrule', etc
        \usepackage{amsmath}    % for '\dfrac' macro 




        \newcommand \widebox [1]{\setlength\fboxsep{6pt} \boxed { #1}}
        \newcommand \ev [1]{\left\langle #1 \right\rangle}
        \newcommand \evd {\operatorname{E}\evdel}
        \newcommand \bbrac [1] {\left ( #1 \right)}
        \newcommand \bl {\biggr | }
        \newcommand \espa {\\[2.5 mm]}
        \newcommand \vbrac [1] {\left [ \,#1 \,\right]}
        \newcommand \dpart [2] {\frac{\partial{#1}}{\partial{#2}}}
        \newcommand \kai [2] {\chi_{#1}^{\, (#2)}}
        \newcommand \ud {\uparrow \,\downarrow}
        \newcommand \du {\downarrow\,\uparrow }

        \fancyhf{}
        \pagestyle{fancy}
        \chead{MODERN \,\,\,PHYSICS\,\,\, LABOTORARY \\[-0.9em]} 
        \lhead{PHYSICS \textbf{18L}   \\[-1.1em]}
        \rhead{23 APRIL 2015 \\[-1.1em]}
        \cfoot{\thepage}
        \AtBeginDocument{%
          \rfoot{\raisebox{1.5pt}{\scalebox{0.7}{\textcopyright}} 2015  Physics Department}%
          \AtBeginShipoutNext{%
            \rfoot{}%
          }%
        }
        \renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{1pt}

在此处输入图片描述

答案1

我不会m为这个表使用列类型。我会使用列提供的居中形式X（由包提供tabularx）来代替它，部分原因是为了让 LaTeX 处理确定列宽的任务。另外，我会使用包的线条绘制宏booktabs来获得间距合适的水平线；另外，我会省略所有垂直线。

该表格唯一“棘手”的方面是，虽然大多数单元格的内容应该居中，但第一列的前 5 个数据行的内容最好与小数点分隔符对齐。这可以通过 (i) 对第一列使用列类型S（由包提供siunitx）以及 (ii) 将第一列中应该居中的项目括在花括号中来实现。

\extrarowheight最后，我认为将宏设置为该值比手动为每行添加 1 毫米的额外行高更容易。

在此处输入图片描述

\documentclass[twocolumn]{article}
\usepackage{tabularx}   % for 'tabularx' environment
\newcolumntype{C}{>{\centering\arraybackslash}X}
\usepackage{booktabs}   % for '\toprule', '\midrule', etc
\usepackage{amsmath}    % for '\dfrac' macro 
\usepackage{siunitx}    % for "S" column type

\begin{document}
\begin{table*}
   \setlength\tabcolsep{2pt}  % default value: 6pt
   \setlength\extrarowheight{1mm}
   \small
    \begin{tabularx}{\textwidth}{@{} S[table-format=3.2] *{9}{C} @{}}
    \toprule
    \multicolumn{2}{@{}c}{\bfseries Lyman} &
    \multicolumn{2}{c}{\bfseries Balmer} &
    \multicolumn{2}{c}{\bfseries Paschen} &
    \multicolumn{2}{c}{\bfseries Brackett} &
    \multicolumn{2}{c@{}}{\bfseries Pfund} \\
    \cmidrule(r){1-2} \cmidrule(lr){3-4} \cmidrule(lr){5-6}
        \cmidrule(lr){7-8} \cmidrule(l){9-10}
    \multicolumn{1}{C}{$\lambda$ (nm)} & transition &
    $\lambda$ (nm) & transition & $\lambda$ (nm) & transition &
    $\lambda$ (nm) & transition & $\lambda$ (nm) & transition \\
    \midrule
    93.78 & 6$\to$1 & 410.2 & 6$\to$2 & 1094 & 6$\to$3 & 2630 & 6$\to$4 & 7400 & 6$\to$5 \\
    94.98 & 5$\to$1 & 434.0 & 5$\to$2 & 1282 & 5$\to$3 & 4050 & 5$\to$4 \\
    97.25 & 4$\to$1 & 486.1 & 4$\to$2 & 1875 & 4$\to$3 \\
    102.6 & 3$\to$1 & 656.3 & 3$\to$2  \\
    121.6 & 2$\to$1 \\
    \midrule
     {$\dfrac{\lambda_{1,j}}{\lambda_{1,j+1}}$} & $j$ &
      $\dfrac{\lambda_{2,j}}{\lambda_{2,j+1}}$  & $j$ &
      $\dfrac{\lambda_{3,j}}{\lambda_{3,j+1}}$  & $j$ &
      $\dfrac{\lambda_{4,j}}{\lambda_{4,j+1}}$  & $j$ &
      $\dfrac{\lambda_{5,j}}{\lambda_{5,j+1}}$  & $j$ \\
    \cmidrule(r){1-2} \cmidrule(lr){3-4} \cmidrule(lr){5-6}
        \cmidrule(lr){7-8} \cmidrule(l){9-10}
    {1.01} & 5 & 1.05 & 5 & 1.17 & 5 & 1.54 & 5 \\
    {1.02} & 4 & 1.12 & 4 & 1.46 & 4 \\
    {1.05} & 3 & 1.35 & 3  \\
    {1.18} & 2 \\
    \bottomrule
    \end{tabularx}
    \caption{Expected hydrogen wavelengths, transitions and wavelength ratios.}
\end{table*}
\end{document}

附录OP 告诉我他/她正在使用revtex4文档类，该类似乎与booktabs包及其规则绘制宏不兼容。:-(

这是另一种解决方案，它适用于revtex4文档类以及许多其他文档类。它使用tabular*环境而不是环境，并在选定位置插入（印刷）支柱，以便在和绘制的线条与线条上方和下方的材料tabularx之间获得更好的垂直分离。\hline\cline

顺便说一句，我仍然不会在该解决方案中使用任何垂直线。

在此处输入图片描述

\documentclass{revtex4}
%% define a few struts
%% (from code by Claudio Beccari in TeX and TUG News, Vol. 2, 1993)
\newcommand\Tstrut{\rule{0pt}{2.9ex}}       % "top" strut
\newcommand\Bstrut{\rule[-1.2ex]{0pt}{0pt}} % "bottom" strut
\newcommand\TBstrut{\Tstrut\Bstrut}         % "top and bottom" strut

\usepackage{array}      % for '\extrarowheight' macro
\usepackage{amsmath}    % for '\dfrac' macro
\usepackage{siunitx}    % for "S" column type

\begin{document}
\begin{table*}
   \setlength\tabcolsep{0pt}  % default value: 6pt
   \setlength\extrarowheight{1mm}
    \begin{tabular*}{\textwidth}{ S[table-format=3.2] @{\extracolsep{\fill}} *{9}{c} }
    \hline
    \multicolumn{2}{c}{\bfseries Lyman\TBstrut} &
    \multicolumn{2}{c}{\bfseries Balmer} &
    \multicolumn{2}{c}{\bfseries Paschen} &
    \multicolumn{2}{c}{\bfseries Brackett} &
    \multicolumn{2}{c}{\bfseries Pfund} \\
    \cline{1-2} \cline{3-4} \cline{5-6} \cline{7-8} \cline{9-10}
    {$\lambda$ (nm)\TBstrut} & transition &
    $\lambda$ (nm) & transition & $\lambda$ (nm) & transition &
    $\lambda$ (nm) & transition & $\lambda$ (nm) & transition \\
    \hline
    93.78 \Tstrut& 6$\to$1 & 410.2 & 6$\to$2 & 1094 & 6$\to$3 & 2630 & 6$\to$4 & 7400 & 6$\to$5 \\
    94.98 & 5$\to$1 & 434.0 & 5$\to$2 & 1282 & 5$\to$3 & 4050 & 5$\to$4 \\
    97.25 & 4$\to$1 & 486.1 & 4$\to$2 & 1875 & 4$\to$3 \\
    102.6 & 3$\to$1 & 656.3 & 3$\to$2  \\
    121.6 \Bstrut & 2$\to$1 \\
    \hline
     {$\dfrac{\lambda_{1,j}\Tstrut}{\lambda_{1,j+1}\Bstrut}$} & $j$ &
      $\dfrac{\lambda_{2,j}}{\lambda_{2,j+1}}$ & $j$ &
      $\dfrac{\lambda_{3,j}}{\lambda_{3,j+1}}$ & $j$ &
      $\dfrac{\lambda_{4,j}}{\lambda_{4,j+1}}$ & $j$ &
      $\dfrac{\lambda_{5,j}}{\lambda_{5,j+1}}$ & $j$ \\
    \cline{1-2} \cline{3-4} \cline{5-6} \cline{7-8} \cline{9-10}
    {1.01\Tstrut} & 5 & 1.05 & 5 & 1.17 & 5 & 1.54 & 5 \\
    {1.02} & 4 & 1.12 & 4 & 1.46 & 4 \\
    {1.05} & 3 & 1.35 & 3  \\
    {1.18\Bstrut} & 2 \\
    \hline
    \end{tabular*}
    \caption{Expected hydrogen wavelengths, transitions and wavelength ratios.}
\end{table*}
\end{document}

答案2

David 指的m是

\newcolumntype{M}{>{\centering\arraybackslash}m{\dimexpr.096\linewidth-2\tabcolsep}}

那么这样的布局怎么样：

\documentclass[a4paper,10pt]{article}
\usepackage{tabularx,booktabs,geometry}
\geometry{textwidth=15cm}

\begin{document}
\noindent
\footnotesize
\begin{tabularx}{\linewidth}{@{}*{5}{>{\centering}p{.9cm}>{\hfil}X<{\hfil}}@{}}
  \toprule
  \multicolumn{2}{@{}l}{Lyman} & \multicolumn{2}{l}{Balmer} & 
  \multicolumn{2}{l}{Paschen}  & \multicolumn{2}{l}{Brackett} & 
  \multicolumn{2}{l}{Pfund} \\\cmidrule(r){1-2}%
  \cmidrule(lr){3-4}\cmidrule(lr){5-6}%
  \cmidrule(lr){7-8}\cmidrule(l){9-10}
  $\lambda$(nm) & transition & $\lambda$(nm) & transition & 
  $\lambda$(nm) & transition & $\lambda$(nm) & transition & 
  $\lambda$(nm) & transition \\\cmidrule(r){1-1}%
  \cmidrule(lr){2-2}\cmidrule(lr){3-3}\cmidrule(lr){4-4}%
  \cmidrule(lr){5-5}\cmidrule(lr){6-6}\cmidrule(lr){7-7}%
  \cmidrule(lr){8-8}\cmidrule(lr){9-9}\cmidrule(l){10-10}
  %%
  93.78 & 6$\rightarrow$1 & 410.2 & 6$\rightarrow$2 & 
  1094  & 6$\rightarrow$3 & 2630  & 6$\rightarrow$4 & 
  7400  & 6$\rightarrow$5                               \\
  94.98 & 5$\rightarrow$1 & 434.0 & 5$\rightarrow$2 & 
  1282  & 5$\rightarrow$3 & 4050  & 5$\rightarrow$4 &   \\
  97.25 & 4$\rightarrow$1 & 486.1 & 4$\rightarrow$2 & 
  1875  & 4$\rightarrow$3 &                             \\
  102.6 & 3$\rightarrow$1 & 656.3 & 3$\rightarrow$2 &   \\
  121.6 & 2$\rightarrow$1 \\ \cmidrule{1-10}
  %%
  $\frac{\lambda_{1,j}}{\lambda_{1,j+1}}$ & $j$ & 
  $\frac{\lambda_{2,j}}{\lambda_{2,j+1}}$ & $j$ & 
  $\frac{\lambda_{3,j}}{\lambda_{3,j+1}}$ & $j$ & 
  $\frac{\lambda_{4,j}}{\lambda_{4,j+1}}$ & $j$ & 
  $\frac{\lambda_{5,j}}{\lambda_{5,j+1}}$ & $j$ \\ \cmidrule{1-10}
  1.01 & 5 & 1.05 & 5 & 1.17 & 5 & 1.54 & 5  \\
  1.02 & 4 & 1.12 & 4 & 1.46 & 4             \\
  1.05 & 3 & 1.35 & 3                        \\
  1.18 & 2                                   \\
  \bottomrule
\end{tabularx}
\end{document}

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