如何实现侧向稳定

Question 1

间歇性数字消失问题是由复杂的表格结构引起的。我建议您大幅简化表格代码，在此过程中将列数从 25 减少到 7。某些单元格的位置可以通过明智提供的\phantom{0}语句进行微调。顺便说一句，如果您只是列出小数点后恰好有两位数字的所有数字，则这种微调完全没有必要。

我还想建议您（重新）组织一下表格标题。就我个人而言，我并不喜欢将每个标题单元格都渲染成大胆的。过多的（视觉）喊叫会导致信息变得很难被听到。

经过这些调整后，表格仅仅即使在横向模式下，它也能适合可用的文本块。除非您执行某些操作（可能很丑陋），例如减小表格中使用的字体大小，否则它将不适合带有章节或分节标题的页面。

\documentclass{report}
%%% I've commented out packages that are either loaded automatically by
%%% other packages or conflict with other packages.
%%% Note that "hyperref" should generally be loaded _last_
%\usepackage{hvfloat,rotating}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[dutch]{babel}
%\usepackage{caption}
\usepackage[table]{xcolor}
\usepackage[perpage]{footmisc}
\usepackage[fleqn]{mathtools}
\usepackage[table]{xcolor}
\usepackage{a4wide, afterpage, %amsmath, 
   amssymb, babelbib, booktabs, cite, %color, colortbl, 
   dcolumn, emptypage, eurosym, %graphicx, 
   float, footmisc,  hvfloat ,%natbib, 
   listings, lmodern, longtable, pdflscape, rotating,   
   siunitx, subcaption, tablefootnote, threeparttable, 
   titlesec, url, hyperref}

\definecolor{lightgray}{gray}{0.9}

\newcommand\PA{\phantom{0}}  % shortcut macro

\begin{document}


\begin{sidewaystable}
\rowcolors{7}{}{lightgray}
\caption[Overzicht van de concentraties en hun standaardeviaties van pesticiden]{Overzicht van de concentraties en hun standaardeviaties van pesticiden in mg/kg in de (on)behandelde wortelen en de meelwormen gekweekt op deze wortelen. Bij NA lag de concentratie onder de detectielimiet van de LCMS-MS.} 
\label{conc_carrot_meal}

\centering
\begin{tabular}{ l *{6}{c} }
\toprule
{Pesticiden} & \multicolumn{6}{c}{{Concentraties pesticiden (mg/kg)}} \\ 
\cmidrule(l){2-7}  & 
\multicolumn{3}{c}{{Onbehandeld}}  & \multicolumn{3}{c}{{Behandeld}} \\ 
\cmidrule(lr){2-4} \cmidrule(l){5-7}
&{Wortel} &\multicolumn{2}{c}{{Meelwormen}} &{Wortel} &\multicolumn{2}{c}{{Meelwormen}}\\
\cmidrule(lr){3-4} \cmidrule(l){6-7}
& & voor gut-loading & na gut-loading & & voor gut-loading & na gut-loading\\
\midrule
2,4-D      & $(2.55 \pm 2.6\PA\PA){\cdot} 10^{-4}$ 
           & $(9.73 \pm 6.39){\cdot} 10^{-4} $ 
           & $(8.24 \pm 2.77  ){\cdot} 10^{-4}$ 
           & $(8.36\PA\pm 0.841) $
           & $(5.01 \pm 0.542 ){\cdot} 10^{-4}$ 
           & $(6.77 \pm 1.86\PA){\cdot} 10^{-4}$\\
Bentazon   & NA 
           & NA 
           & $(1.59  \pm 2.76){\cdot} 10^{-5}$ 
           & $(0.919 \pm 0.117)$
           & NA 
           & NA \\
Bifenthrin & $(1.66  \pm 0.146){\cdot} 10^{-3}$ 
           & $(2.84  \pm 1.15){\cdot} 10^{-3}$ 
           & $(3.04  \pm 1.30){\cdot} 10^{-3}$ 
           & $(0.808 \pm 0.104) $
           & $(2.22  \pm 0.769){\cdot} 10^{-3}$ 
           & $(1.93  \pm 0.151){\cdot} 10^{-3}$ \\
Clopyralid & $(9.18  \pm 0.149){\cdot} 10^{-5}$ 
           & NA 
           & $(4.61  \pm 7.99){\cdot} 10^{-5}$ 
           & $(1.75\PA\pm 0.155)$
           & $(1.07  \pm 0.686){\cdot} 10^{-2}$ 
           & $(6.84  \pm 2.40\PA){\cdot} 10^{-3}$ \\
\bottomrule
\end{tabular}
\end{sidewaystable}

\end{document}

附录：可以将整个表格设置为纵向，即，通过将字体大小更改为\footnotesize，仅显示小数点后两位数字，并使用tabular*环境，设置为非旋转形式。

\documentclass{report}
%%% I've commented out packages that are either loaded 
%%% automatically by or conflict with other packages.
%%% Note that "hyperref" should generally be loaded _last_.

%\usepackage{hvfloat,rotating}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[dutch]{babel}
%\usepackage{caption}
\usepackage[table]{xcolor}
\usepackage[perpage]{footmisc}
\usepackage[fleqn]{mathtools}
\usepackage[table]{xcolor}
\definecolor{lightgray}{gray}{0.9}

\usepackage{a4wide, afterpage, %amsmath, 
   amssymb, babelbib, booktabs, cite, %color, colortbl, 
   dcolumn, emptypage, eurosym, %graphicx, 
   float, footmisc,  hvfloat ,%natbib, 
   listings, lmodern, longtable, pdflscape, rotating,   
   siunitx, subcaption, tablefootnote, threeparttable, 
   titlesec, url, hyperref}

\begin{document}

\begin{table}
\setlength\tabcolsep{0pt} % let LaTeX figure out intercolumn space
\footnotesize
\captionsetup{size=footnotesize}
\caption[Overzicht van de concentraties en hun standaardeviaties van pesticiden]{Overzicht van de concentraties en hun standaardeviaties van pesticiden in mg/kg in de (on)behandelde wortelen en de meelwormen gekweekt op deze wortelen. Bij NA lag de concentratie onder de detectielimiet van de LCMS-MS.} 
\label{conc_carrot_meal}

\begin{tabular*}{\textwidth}{ l@{\extracolsep{\fill}} *{6}{c} }
\toprule
{Pesticiden} & \multicolumn{6}{c}{{Concentraties pesticiden (\si[per-mode = symbol]{\milli\gram\per\kilo\gram})}} \\ 
\cmidrule(l){2-7}  & 
\multicolumn{3}{c}{{Onbehandeld}}  & 
\multicolumn{3}{c}{{Behandeld}} \\ 
\cmidrule(lr){2-4} \cmidrule(l){5-7}
&{Wortel} &\multicolumn{2}{c}{{Meelwormen}} 
&{Wortel} &\multicolumn{2}{c}{{Meelwormen}}\\
\cmidrule{3-4} \cmidrule{6-7}
& & voor gut-loading & na gut-loading 
& & voor gut-loading & na gut-loading\\
\midrule
2,4-D      & $(2.55 {\pm} 2.60){\cdot} 10^{-4}$ 
           & $(9.73 {\pm} 6.39){\cdot} 10^{-4} $ 
           & $(8.24 {\pm} 2.77  ){\cdot} 10^{-4}$ 
           & $8.36 {\pm} 0.84 $
           & $(5.01 {\pm} 0.54 ){\cdot} 10^{-4}$ 
           & $(6.77 {\pm} 1.86){\cdot} 10^{-4}$\\
Bentazon   & NA 
           & NA 
           & $(1.59  {\pm} 2.76){\cdot} 10^{-5}$ 
           & $0.92  {\pm} 0.12$
           & NA 
           & NA \\
Bifenthrin & $(1.66  {\pm} 0.15){\cdot} 10^{-3}$ 
           & $(2.84  {\pm} 1.15){\cdot} 10^{-3}$ 
           & $(3.04  {\pm} 1.30){\cdot} 10^{-3}$ 
           & $0.81  {\pm} 0.10 $
           & $(2.22  {\pm} 0.77){\cdot} 10^{-3}$ 
           & $(1.93  {\pm} 0.15){\cdot} 10^{-3}$ \\
Clopyralid & $(9.18  {\pm} 0.15){\cdot} 10^{-5}$ 
           & NA 
           & $(4.61  {\pm} 7.99){\cdot} 10^{-5}$ 
           & $1.75  {\pm} 0.16$
           & $(1.07  {\pm} 0.69){\cdot} 10^{-2}$ 
           & $(6.84  {\pm} 2.40){\cdot} 10^{-3}$ \\
\bottomrule
\end{tabular*}
\end{table}

\end{document}

Answer