![修改散点图中的某些特征](https://linux22.com/image/312429/%E4%BF%AE%E6%94%B9%E6%95%A3%E7%82%B9%E5%9B%BE%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E6%9F%90%E4%BA%9B%E7%89%B9%E5%BE%81.png)
我想要对散点图进行以下修改。
标题应排版为两行。
我希望每个轴上都有一个中断,表示从 0 开始跳过。(当我上初中时,我们使用两条“平行”波浪线。)
0
应该放在情节的左下角。
删除年份中的逗号。
我也有一些疑问。为什么图是用蓝色绘制的?每个点的直径是多少?我该如何使连接点的线变成虚线并以不同的蓝色绘制?
\documentclass{amsart}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{calc}
\usepackage{pgfplots}
\pgfplotsset{compat=newest}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{axis}[grid=major, title=\textbf{Population of Pittsford in \boldmath$19^{\mathrm{th}}$ Century\unboldmath},
ylabel = Population (in thousands),
xlabel = Year,
xmax=1900]
\addplot plot coordinates{(1800,1.1) (1810,1) (1820,0.9) (1830,1.2) (1840,1.5) (1850,1.5) (1860,1.5) (1870,1.7) (1880,1.75) (1890,1.75) (1900,1.9)};
\coordinate (Bottom Left) at (axis cs:1800,0);
\coordinate (Bottom Right) at ($(Bottom Left) + (axis direction cs:100,0)$);
\draw (Bottom Left) -- (Bottom Right);
\coordinate (Top Left) at ($(Bottom Left) + (axis direction cs:0,0.1)$);
\coordinate (Top Right) at ($(Top Left) + (axis direction cs:20,0)$);
\draw[red,thick] (Top Left) -- (Top Right);
\end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
答案1
首先,我认为你应该采用 percusse 的解决方案。但根据你的明确要求,你可以这样做:
- 我不知道如何重新定义
axis x discontinuity
并axis y discontinuity
使用更小的线条或仅在左侧和底部使用它们(而不是右侧和顶部也使用它们)。所以我根本不使用它们。 - 您不需要刻度标记,因为您已经有了
grid=major
。所以我添加了ytick style = {draw=none}, xtick style = {draw=none}
以摆脱它们。 - 至于标签的旋转:你不需要
tick label style = {}
在另一个标签内tick label style = {}
。只需选择yticklabel style = {font=\tiny, fill=white, rotate=0}, xticklabel style = {font=\tiny, fill=white, rotate=-45}
- 现在来说说不连续性:我把它们放在你的图的顶部,因为 这当然是一种不好的做法,但它可以让它看起来像你想要的那样。此外,它还需要大量的反复试验才能找到和的
extra ticks
“正确”值:xshift
yshift
代码:
\documentclass[tikz,border=2mm]{standalone}
\usepackage{pgfplots}
\pgfplotsset{compat=newest}
\def\discon{$\wr\!\!\!\wr$}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{axis}[ grid = major,
/pgf/number format/1000 sep = {},
title = Population of Pittsford in \\ 19\textsuperscript{th} Century,
title style = {align=center,font=\bfseries},
ylabel = Population (in thousands),
xlabel = Year,
xmin = 1790,
xmax = 1900,
xtick = {1800,1810,...,1900},
ytick style = {draw=none},
xtick style = {draw=none},
yticklabel style = {font=\tiny, fill=white},
xticklabel style = {font=\tiny, fill=white, rotate=-45},
ymin = 0.6,
ymax = 2,
ytick = {0.8, 1, ..., 2},
extra x ticks = {1792},
extra x tick style = {grid=none, xticklabel style={yshift=1.3mm, rotate=45, inner sep=.5pt}},
extra x tick labels = {\discon},
extra y ticks = {0.7},
extra y tick style = {grid=none, yticklabel style={xshift=1.1mm, rotate=90, inner sep=.5pt}},
extra y tick labels = {\discon}]
\addplot plot coordinates{(1800,1.1) (1810,1) (1820,0.9) (1830,1.2) (1840,1.5) (1850,1.5) (1860,1.5) (1870,1.7) (1880,1.75) (1890,1.75) (1900,1.9)};
\end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
编辑:对评论的答复:
\def\discon{$\wr\!\!\!\wr$}
:这定义了一个新命令\discon
,我将其用作不连续性的符号。它是使用两个\wr
(在数学模式下)构建的。\!
(负薄空间(通常为四边形的 -1/6))负责处理这两个之间的间距\wr
。- 关于旋转:我不知道为什么当你把 放在
tick label style
里面时,旋转会发生tick label style
在 上面。但这是错误的语法,所以只需使用正确的语法,把 放在rotate
里面 1tick label style
而不是 2 即可。
答案2
y 轴不需要任何不连续性,因为它已经接近零了。另外,两个轴上的不连续性表明原点无论如何都不相关。
\documentclass{standalone}
\usepackage{pgfplots}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[/pgf/number format/1000 sep={}]
\begin{axis}[axis y line=left,axis x line=bottom,width=10cm,height=5cm,
grid=major,
title=Population of Pittsford in\\ 19\textsuperscript{th} Century,
title style={align=center,font=\bfseries},
ylabel = Population (in thousands),
xlabel = Year,
xmax=1900,xmin=1790,xtick={1800,1810,...,1900},
ymin=0,ymax=2.5,
axis x discontinuity=parallel,
]
\addplot+[draw=blue!50,mark size=1pt] plot coordinates{
(1800,1.1) (1810,1) (1820,0.9) (1830,1.2)
(1840,1.5) (1850,1.5) (1860,1.5) (1870,1.7)
(1880,1.75) (1890,1.75) (1900,1.9)};
\end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}