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绘制偶极子场线

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绘制偶极子场线

如何在球体周围绘制偶极场线，像这样：

enter image description here

\begin{tikzpicture}[>=latex']
\tikzstyle{every node}=[font=\footnotesize]
\draw [thick, red] (-2,0) -- node [below] {+} (2,0) node (v3) {};
\draw [thick, red] (-2,2.5) --node [above] {$-$}  (2,2.5) ;
\draw  [blue] (0,0)  -- (0,0.5);
\draw  [blue] (0,1) ellipse (0.5 and 0.5);
\node [below] (v2) at (0,1.5) {\tiny +};
\node [above] (v1) at (0,0.5) {\tiny  --};
\draw  [->, blue] (0,0.75) -- (0,1.2) node [right] {$\vec p_{e}$};
\end{tikzpicture}

答案1

这是绘制极坐标图的解决方案。它与您的图片略有不同，但说实话，我并不是函数、图形等方面的专家。

我稍微改变了线条和东西的坐标（圆圈现在位于0,0，0,1而不是，它是一个节点，更容易用作参考），以及代码中的所有内容。

输出

figure 1

代码

\documentclass[margin=10pt]{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz} 

\usetikzlibrary{arrows.meta,positioning,decorations.markings,backgrounds}

\tikzset{
    every node/.style={font=\footnotesize},
}

\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[-]
\def\my{.5mm}

\draw [thick, red] (-2,-1) -- node [below] {+} (2,-1) node (v3) {};
\draw [thick, red] (-2,1) -- node [above] {$-$}  (2,1) ;

\node[draw=blue, fill=white, circle, ,minimum size=1cm, inner sep=0, outer sep=0] (circ) at (0,0) {};
\draw [-{Latex},blue] (0,-1) -- (circ.south);
\node [below] (v2) at (0,.5) {\tiny +};
\node [above] (v1) at (0,-.5) {\tiny  --};
\draw [-{Latex}, blue] (0,-.2) -- (0,.2) node [right] {$\vec p_{e}$};

%\path[clip] (-2,0) -- (2,0) -- (2,2) -- (-2,2) -- cycle;
\begin{scope}[scale=.3,on background layer]
\clip[scale=3.3] (-2,-1) rectangle (2,1);
\foreach \a [count=\b] in {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10}{
    \draw[domain=0:6.3,samples=500, line width=.1pt, decoration={markings,%
        mark=at position 0.1 with {\arrow{Stealth[width=\my,length=\my]}},
        mark=at position 0.4 with {\arrowreversed{Stealth[width=\my,length=\my]}},
        mark=at position 0.5 with {\arrowreversed{Stealth[width=\my,length=\my]}},
        mark=at position 0.6 with {\arrowreversed{Stealth[width=\my,length=\my]}},
        mark=at position 0.9 with {\arrow{Stealth[width=\my,length=\my]}},
        mark=at position 1 with {\arrow{Stealth[width=\my,length=\my]}},}, postaction=decorate] plot (xy polar cs:angle=\x r,radius={\a+\b*cos(2*\x r)});
}
\end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

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