![如何使用带注释的 TikZ 包](https://linux22.com/image/314299/%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E5%B8%A6%E6%B3%A8%E9%87%8A%E7%9A%84%20TikZ%20%E5%8C%85.png)
我想制作如图所示的网格。你能帮助我吗?
答案1
主要构造为\foreach
和grid
;该shapes.geometric
库用于星形和菱形:
代码:
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{shapes.geometric}
\definecolor{myred}{RGB}{236,1,59}
\definecolor{myblue}{RGB}{116,122,255}
\definecolor{mygreen}{RGB}{130,214,149}
\definecolor{mygray}{RGB}{196,196,196}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[
dot/.style 2 args={circle,draw=#1,fill=#2,inner sep=1.5pt},
square/.style 2 args={draw=#1,fill=#2,inner sep=1.5pt},
mystar/.style 2 args={star,draw=#1,fill=#2,inner sep=1.5pt},
mydiamond/.style 2 args={diamond,draw=#1,fill=#2,inner sep=1.5pt}
]
% Upper grid
\draw
(0,0) grid (4,4);
\foreach \Fila in {0,...,4}
{
\foreach \Columna in {0,...,4}
{
\node[dot={black}{black}] at (\Fila,\Columna) {};
}
}
\foreach\Columna in {-2,6}
{
\foreach \Fila in {0,...,4}
{
\node[mydiamond={myblue!60!black}{myblue}] at (\Columna,\Fila) {};
}
}
\draw[red]
(-1,-1) -- (-1,4) (5,-1) -- (5,4);
\foreach\Columna in {-1,5}
{
\foreach \Fila in {-1,...,4}
{
\node[mystar={red}{myred}] at (\Columna,\Fila) {};
}
}
% middle grid
\draw[mygray]
(0,-1) grid (4,-1);
\foreach \Fila in {0,...,4}
{
\node[square={mygray}{white}] at (\Fila,-1) {};
}
% lower grid
\draw[mygreen]
(0,-3) grid (4,-2);
\foreach \Fila in {0,...,4}
{
\foreach \Columna in {-3,-2}
{
\node[dot={green!70!black}{mygreen}] at (\Fila,\Columna) {};
}
}
\draw[mygreen]
(-1,-3) -- (-1,-2) (5,-3) -- (5,-2);
\foreach\Columna in {-1,5}
{
\foreach \Fila in {-3,-2}
{
\node[mystar={green!70!black}{mygreen}] at (\Columna,\Fila) {};
}
}
% auxiliary white lines to ''erase'' part of the grids
\draw[white,line width=4pt]
(-2,1.5) -- (6,1.5);
\draw[white,line width=4pt]
(-2,-2.5) -- (6,-2.5);
% labels
\foreach \Columna/\Posi/\Label in
{
-2/above left/-1,
-1/above left/0,
0/above left/1,
2/above right/i,
4/above/I,
5/above/I+1,
6/above right/I+2%
}
\node[\Posi,font=\footnotesize] at (\Columna,2) {$(\Label,n)$};
\foreach \Fila/\Posi/\Label in
{
4/above/N,
1/below/M,
0/below/1,
-1/below/0,
-2/below/-1,
-3/below/-M%
}
\node[\Posi,font=\footnotesize] at (2,\Fila) {$(i,\Label)$};
\node at (-0.5,3.5) {$\mathcal{Q}_h^k$};
\node at (-0.5,-1.5) {$\mathcal{D}_h^k$};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
答案2
可以使用 TikZ 绘制符号,参见回答pifont
贡萨洛·梅迪纳 (Gonzalo Medina) 的。以下示例使用包和包的符号pdfrender
进行着色(需要 pdfTeX)。
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{plotmarks}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{pdfrender}
\usepackage{pifont}
\newcommand*{\MarkSymbol}[3]{%
\textpdfrender{%
TextRenderingMode=FillStroke,
LineWidth=.4pt,
FillColor={#2},
StrokeColor={#3},
}{\scriptsize\ding{#1}}%
}
\newcommand*{\BlueRoute}{%
\rotatebox{45}{%
\MarkSymbol{110}{blue!60!white}{blue!80!black}%
}%
}
\newcommand*{\WhiteSquare}{%
\MarkSymbol{110}{white}{gray}%
}
\newcommand*{\RedStar}{%
\MarkSymbol{72}{red!60!white}{red!80!black}%
}
\newcommand*{\GreenStar}{%
\MarkSymbol{72}{green!60!white}{green!80!black}%
}
\newcommand*{\GreenCirc}{%
\MarkSymbol{108}{green!80!white}{green!80!black}%
}
\newcommand*{\BlackCirc}{%
\MarkSymbol{108}{black}{black}%
}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[line cap=round]
% Lines
\draw[red!80!black]
(-3, 0) -- (-3, 1.4) (-3, 1.6) -- (-3, 6)
(3, 0) -- (3, 1.4) (3, 1.6) -- (3, 6)
;
\draw[black]
\foreach \x in {-2, ..., 2} {
(\x, 1) -- (\x, 1.4) (\x, 1.6) -- (\x, 6)
}
\foreach \y in {1, ..., 6} {
(-2, \y) -- (2, \y)
}
;
\draw[gray] (-2, 0) -- (2, 0);
\draw[green!80!black]
\foreach \x in {-3, ..., 3} {
(\x, -2) -- (\x, -1.6) (\x, -1.4) -- (\x, -1)
}
(-2, -2) -- (2, -2)
(-2, -1) -- (2, -1)
;
% Mark symbols
\path
\foreach \x in {-4, 4} {
\foreach \y in {0, ..., 6} {
(\x, \y) node{\BlueRoute}
}
}
\foreach \x in {-3, 3} {
\foreach \y in {0, ..., 6} {
(\x, \y) node{\RedStar}
}
}
\foreach \x in {-3, 3} {
\foreach \y in {-1, -2} {
(\x, \y) node {\GreenStar}
}
}
\foreach \x in {-2, ..., 2} {
\foreach \y in {-1, -2} {
(\x, \y) node {\GreenCirc}
}
(\x, 0) node {\WhiteSquare}
\foreach \y in {1, ..., 6} {
(\x, \y) node {\BlackCirc}
}
}
;
% Annotations
\node at (-2.5, 4.5) {$\mathcal{Q}_h^k$};
\node at (-2.5, -.5) {$\mathcal{D}_h^k$};
\node[below] at (0, -2) {$(i, -M)$};
\node[below] at (0, -1) {$(i, -1)$};
\node[below] at (0, 0) {$(i, 0)$};
\node[above] at (0, 6) {$(i, N)$};
\node[above] at (-4, 3) {$(-1, n)$};
\node[above] at (-3, 3) {$(0, n)$};
\node[above] at (-2, 3) {$(1, n)$};
\node[above] at (0, 3) {$(i, n)$};
\node[above] at (2, 3) {$(I, n)$};
\node[above, xshift=2mm] at (3, 3) {$(I{+}1, n)$};
\node[above right] at (4, 3) {$(I{+}2, n)$};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}