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如何使用 TikZ 创建此图形？

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如何使用 TikZ 创建此图形？

我想要创建如下图形：

在此处输入图片描述

下面是我的代码：

    \documentclass[11pt]{article}
    \usepackage{tikz}
    \usetikzlibrary{arrows}

    \newcommand{\psign}{+}
    \newcommand{\ppsign}{++}

    \begin{document}

    \noindent
    \begin{tikzpicture}
    \tikzstyle{my node} = [draw,rectangle,minimum width=2.2cm,minimum height=0.8cm, node distance=2cm]
    %\draw[black!20] (-0.5cm,-0.5cm) grid (14cm,7cm);
    \node [my node] (A) {GDI DDI};
    \node [my node] (B) [above of=A] {GDI};

    \begin{scope}[xshift=3cm]
    \node                       (C)     {Graphics Driver};
    \node [my node] (D) [above of=C]    {GDI\psign Flat API};
    \node [my node] (E) [above of=D]    {GDI\psign\ C\ppsign API};
    \end{scope}

    \begin{scope}[xshift=6cm]
    \node [my node] (F) {DX DDI};
    \node [my node] (G) [above of=F] {DXGI};
    \node [my node] (H) [above of=G] {Direct3D};
    \node [my node] (I) [above of=H,minimum width=4cm,right=0pt] {Direct2D};
    \node [my node] (J) [right of=I,right=0pt,node distance=3cm] {DirectWrite};
    \node [my node] (K) [right of=F, node distance=4cm] {Software Rasterizer};
    \end{scope}

    \begin{scope}[->,>=triangle 45,semithick]
    \path (B) edge (A);
    \path (E) edge (D);
    \path (H) edge (G);
    \path (G) edge (F);
    \path (J) edge (I);
    \end{scope}

    \draw [dashed] (-1.25,1cm) -- (14,1cm);
    \end{tikzpicture}

    \end{document}

答案1

在此处输入图片描述

\documentclass[11pt]{article}
\usepackage{tikz,xcolor}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows,calc,fit,backgrounds}

\definecolor{fcolor}{HTML}{F1F1F1}

\newcommand{\psign}{+}
\newcommand{\ppsign}{++}

\begin{document}

\noindent
\begin{tikzpicture}
\tikzstyle{my node} = [draw,rectangle,minimum width=2.2cm,minimum height=0.8cm, node distance=2cm]
%\draw[black!20] (-0.5cm,-0.5cm) grid (14cm,7cm);
\node [my node] (A) {GDI DDI};
\node [my node] (B) [above of=A] {GDI};

\begin{scope}[xshift=3cm]
\node                       (C)     {Graphics Driver};
\node [my node] (D) [above of=C]    {GDI\psign Flat API};
\node [my node] (E) [above of=D]    {GDI\psign\ C\ppsign API};
\end{scope}

\begin{scope}[xshift=6cm]
\node [my node] (F) {DX DDI};
\node [my node] (G) [fill=white,above of=F] {DXGI};
\node [my node] (H) [fill=white,above of=G] {Direct3D};
\node [my node] (I) [fill=white,above of=H,minimum width=4.5cm,right=0pt] {Direct2D};
\node [my node] (J) [fill=white,right of=I,right=0pt,node distance=3.5cm] {DirectWrite};
\node [my node] (K) [fill=white,right of=G, node distance=4cm] {Software Rasterizer};
\end{scope}

\begin{scope}[->,>=triangle 45,semithick]
\path (B) edge (A);
\path (E) edge (D);
\path (H) edge (G);
\path (G) edge (F);
\path (J) edge (I);
\path (I.south-|K) edge (K);
\path (I.south-|{$(H.north)!.5!(H.north east)$}) edge ($(H.north)!.5!(H.north east)$);
\end{scope}

\begin{scope}[on background layer]
\node[rectangle,fill=fcolor,fit=(G.south west) (J.north east)] {};
\end{scope}

\draw [dashed] (-1.25,1cm) -- (14,1cm);
\end{tikzpicture}

\end{document}

首先我修复了Software Rasterizer节点位置right of=G：

\node [my node] (K) [right of=G, node distance=4cm] {Software Rasterizer};

然后，对于剩下的两个箭头连接，我在edges 中添加了这两行：

\path (I.south-|K) edge (K);
\path (I.south-|{$(H.north)!.5!(H.north east)$}) edge ($(H.north)!.5!(H.north east)$);

这里，是节点上位于节点中心正上方的(I.south-|K)点。 的想法与 相同，但稍微复杂一些。 现在它是节点上位于节点北和东北之间中点正上方的点。Direct2DSoftware Rasterizer(I.south-|{$(H.north)!.5!(H.north east)$})Direct2DDirect3D

库可以获取突出显示的五个块fit，但这次是在范围（on background layer）内，以避免绘制两次节点。我们选择任意两个最外层节点，如G和，并分别J指定它们的最外角(G.south west)和。(J.north east)

答案2

这可以满足您的要求。请注意，fit绘制在顶部，如果您需要全色绘制在下方，则可能需要绘制这些节点两次（一次获取用于计算的节点fit，一次将它们再次绘制到适合区域，您只需将绘制代码存储在宏中并运行该宏两次即可）。

\documentclass[11pt]{article}
  \usepackage{tikz}
  \usetikzlibrary{arrows,calc}
  \usetikzlibrary{positioning,fit}
    \newcommand{\psign}{+}
    \newcommand{\ppsign}{++}

    \begin{document}

    \noindent
    \begin{tikzpicture}
    \tikzstyle{my node} = [draw,rectangle,minimum width=2.2cm,minimum height=0.8cm, node distance=2cm]
    %\draw[black!20] (-0.5cm,-0.5cm) grid (14cm,7cm);
    \node [my node] (A) {GDI DDI};
    \node [my node] (B) [above of=A] {GDI};

    \begin{scope}[xshift=3cm]
    \node                       (C)     {Graphics Driver};
    \node [my node] (D) [above of=C]    {GDI\psign Flat API};
    \node [my node] (E) [above of=D]    {GDI\psign\ C\ppsign API};
    \end{scope}

    \begin{scope}[xshift=6cm]
    \node [my node] (F) {DX DDI};
    \node [my node] (G) [above of=F] {DXGI};
    \node [my node] (H) [above of=G] {Direct3D};
    \node [my node] (I) [above of=H,minimum width=4cm,right=0pt] {Direct2D};
    \node [my node] (J) [right of=I,right=0pt,node distance=3cm] {DirectWrite};
    \node [my node] (K) [right of=G, node distance=4cm] {Software Rasterizer};
    \end{scope}


  \begin{scope}[ transform canvas={xshift=1cm},
    ->,>=triangle 45,semithick]
    \draw (I)  --  (I |- K.north);
  \end{scope}
  \begin{scope}[ transform canvas={xshift=-4em},
    ->,>=triangle 45,semithick]
    \draw (I)  --  (I |- H.north);
  \end{scope}

    \begin{scope}[->,>=triangle 45,semithick]
    \path (B) edge (A);
    \path (E) edge (D);
    \path (H) edge (G);
    \path (G) edge (F);
    \path (J) edge (I);
    \end{scope}

    \draw [dashed] (-1.25,1cm) -- (14,1cm);


    \node [fill=gray,opacity=0.2,dotted,fit = (H) (I) (J) (K) ] {};



    \end{tikzpicture}

    \end{document}

在此处输入图片描述

我认为您可以弄清楚如何在灰色区域上方添加图例。

答案3

稍微修改了一下简化的@daleif 和@ AboAmmar 解决方案（在我看来它们几乎相同:-)）：

\documentclass[11pt, border=1mm,
               tikz,
               preview]{standalone}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows,calc,fit,backgrounds}
    \newcommand{\psign}{+}
    \newcommand{\ppsign}{++}

    \begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[
    node distance = 2cm,
every node/.style = {draw, rectangle,
                    fill=white, % if you liked, otherwise should be omitted
                     minimum width=2.2cm, minimum height=0.8cm}
                    ]
\node  (A) {GDI DDI};
\node  (B) [above of=A] {GDI};

\begin{scope}[xshift=3cm]
\node  (C) [draw=none]     {Graphics Driver};
\node  (D) [above of=C]    {GDI\psign Flat API};
\node  (E) [above of=D]    {GDI\psign\ C\ppsign API};
\end{scope}

\begin{scope}[xshift=6cm]
\node  (F) {DX DDI};
\node  (G) [above of=F] {DXGI};
\node  (H) [above of=G] {Direct3D};
\node  (I) [above of=H,minimum width=4.5cm,right=0pt] {Direct2D};
\node  (J) [right of=I,right=0pt,node distance=3.5cm] {DirectWrite};
\node  (K) [right of=G, node distance=4cm] {Software Rasterizer};
\end{scope}

\coordinate (L) at ([xshift=7mm] H.north);
\path[-triangle 45,semithick]
    (B) edge (A)    (E) edge (D)    (H) edge (G)
    (G) edge (F)    (J) edge (I)    (I.south-|K) edge (K)
    (I.south -| L) edge (L)
    (I.south-|{$(H.north)!.5!(H.north east)$}) -- ($(H.north)!.5!(H.north east)$);

\scoped[on background layer]
    \node (M) [rectangle,fill=gray!30,fit=(G.south west) (J.north east)] {};

\coordinate (N) at ($(A.west)!0.5!(B.west)$);
\draw [dashed]  (N) -- (N -| M.east);
\end{tikzpicture}
        \end{document}

此代码提供：

在此处输入图片描述

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