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如何才能使长音符变得没那么宽呢？

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如何才能使长音符变得没那么宽呢？

所有字符上的长音符号看起来都很宽，但字母 i 上的长音符号尤其宽。是否可以将它们缩小一点？

\documentclass{article}
\begin{document}
Tac\=e, M\=arc\=o, \=unus, f\=\i li\=\i?
\end{document}

非常宽的马克龙

答案1

您可以定义一个短的，与较长的相匹配，并且非常适合，如下i所示：

\newcommand{\shortmacron}{%
   \makebox[0pt][l]{%
      \rule[1.3ex]{0.2em}{0.035em}%
   }%
}

另一种方法是定义一个聪明的自动调整长度的版本。我还将这个设置得稍微低一些，以尽量减少与f

\newlength\tmp
\newcommand{\smartmacron}[1]{%
   \settowidth{\tmp}{#1}%
   \makebox[\tmp][c]{%
      \rule[1.2ex]{0.6\tmp}{0.035em}%
   }\kern-\tmp#1%
}

使用该xstring包检查后面跟着哪个字母，我们可以更加智能地定义宏，并将长音符更好地对齐在字母的顶部：

\usepackage{xstring}
\newlength\tmpa
\newlength\tmpb
\newlength\tmpc
\newcommand{\supersmartmacron}[1]{%
   \settowidth{\tmpa}{#1}% width of letter
   \setlength{\tmpb}{0em}% x-shift
   \setlength{\tmpc}{1.23ex}% raise
   \IfStrEqCase{#1}{%
      {a} {\setlength{\tmpb}{-0.04em}}%
      {e} {\setlength{\tmpb}{-0.01em}}%
      {i} {\setlength{\tmpb}{-0.045em}\setlength{\tmpc}{1.8ex}}%
      {\i}{\setlength{\tmpb}{-0.045em}}%
      {o} {\setlength{\tmpb}{-0.01em}}%
      {u} {\setlength{\tmpb}{-0.04em}}%
   }
   \makebox[\tmpa][c]{%
      \kern\tmpb\rule[\tmpc]{0.6\tmpa}{0.035em}%
   }\kern-\tmpa#1%
}

当然\tmpa，延长的正确值取决于所选的字体。\tmpb\tmpc

结果和演示代码
（原始版马克龙、简短版马克龙、智能版马克龙、超级智能版马克龙）

马克龙

\documentclass{article}

\newcommand{\shortmacron}{%
   \makebox[0pt][l]{%
      \rule[1.3ex]{0.2em}{0.035em}%
   }%
}

\newlength\tmp
\newcommand{\smartmacron}[1]{%
   \settowidth{\tmp}{#1}%
   \makebox[\tmp][c]{%
      \rule[1.2ex]{0.6\tmp}{0.035em}%
   }\kern-\tmp#1%
}

\usepackage{xstring}
\newlength\tmpa
\newlength\tmpb
\newlength\tmpc
\newcommand{\supersmartmacron}[1]{%
   \settowidth{\tmpa}{#1}% width of letter
   \setlength{\tmpb}{0em}% x-shift
   \setlength{\tmpc}{1.23ex}% raise
   \IfStrEqCase{#1}{%
      {a} {\setlength{\tmpb}{-0.04em}}%
      {e} {\setlength{\tmpb}{-0.01em}}%
      {i} {\setlength{\tmpb}{-0.045em}\setlength{\tmpc}{1.8ex}}%
      {\i}{\setlength{\tmpb}{-0.045em}}%
      {o} {\setlength{\tmpb}{-0.01em}}%
      {u} {\setlength{\tmpb}{-0.04em}}%
   }
   \makebox[\tmpa][c]{%
      \kern\tmpb\rule[\tmpc]{0.6\tmpa}{0.035em}%
   }\kern-\tmpa#1%
}

\begin{document}
%\huge
%\tiny
Tac\=e, M\=arc\=o, \=unus, f\=\i li\=\i?

Tac\shortmacron e, M\shortmacron arc\shortmacron o, \shortmacron unus, f\shortmacron\i li\shortmacron\i?

Tac\smartmacron e, M\smartmacron arc\smartmacron o, \smartmacron unus, f\smartmacron\i li\smartmacron\i?

Tac\supersmartmacron e, M\supersmartmacron arc\supersmartmacron o, \supersmartmacron unus, f\supersmartmacron\i li\supersmartmacron\i?

\=a \shortmacron a

\=a \smartmacron a

\=a \supersmartmacron a\quad
\=e \supersmartmacron e\quad
\=i \supersmartmacron i\quad
\=\i \supersmartmacron \i\quad
\=o \supersmartmacron o\quad
\=u \supersmartmacron u\quad

\supersmartmacron a\quad
\supersmartmacron e\quad
\supersmartmacron i\quad
\supersmartmacron \i\quad
\supersmartmacron o\quad
\supersmartmacron u\quad
\end{document}

要使用智能版本的快捷方式，请调用

\let\=\supersmartmacron

在你的序言中。

答案2

Tobi 的答案对于直立字体的小写字母非常有效。我发现自己在斜体字体的大写字母上添加了长音符，因此我对其进行了调整，使其默认为字母的高度并应用了倾斜校正：

% \withoutpt as in the public domain file `samplepdf.tex'
{\catcode`\p=12 \catcode`\t=12 \gdef\WITHOUTPT#1pt{#1}}
 \def\withoutpt#1{\expandafter\WITHOUTPT#1} % returns float-like string

% New dimension to deal with slanted fonts
\newlength\macronitalcorr
% Let's name some of Tobi's parameters
\newlength\macrongap
\newlength\macronthickness
\setlength{\macrongap}{0.23ex}% 
\setlength{\macronthickness}{0.035em}% thickness
\newcommand{\macronscale}{0.6} % Fraction of letter covered
% I have too many parameters--I can't remember what \tmpa means!
\newlength\macronletterwidth % \tmpa
\newlength\macronadjustment % \tmpb
\newlength\macronheight % \tmpc

\newcommand{\superdupersmartmacron}[1]{{% 
   % Extra brackets so commands will automatically reset
   \setlength{\macronadjustment}{0em}% x-shift
   \def\macroninputletter{#1}%
   \IfStrEqCase{#1}{%
      {a} {\setlength{\macronadjustment}{-0.04em}}%
      {e} {\setlength{\macronadjustment}{-0.01em}}%
      {i} {\setlength{\macronadjustment}{-0.045em}%
            \def\macronscale{0.95}% Wider macron over i
            \def\macroninputletter{\i}}% % Automatically use \i for i
      {I} {\def\macronscale{0.95}}% Wider macron over I
      {\i}{\setlength{\macronadjustment}{-0.045em}%
            \def\macronscale{0.95}}% Wider macron over i
      {o} {\setlength{\macronadjustment}{-0.01em}}%
      {u} {\setlength{\macronadjustment}{-0.04em}}%
   }
   \settoheight{\macronheight}{\macroninputletter}%
   \addtolength{\macronheight}{\macrongap}%
   %
   % If the font slants, how much do we move the macron?
   \macronitalcorr = \withoutpt\the\fontdimen 1 \the\font \macronheight 
   %
   \settowidth{\macronletterwidth}{\macroninputletter}% width of letter
   \makebox[\macronletterwidth][c]{%
      \kern\macronadjustment%
      \kern \macronitalcorr
      \rule[\macronheight]{\macronscale\macronletterwidth} 
                          {\macronthickness}%
     \kern -\macronitalcorr%
   }\kern-\macronletterwidth\macroninputletter%
}}

（还有一些其他花哨的东西——我希望马克龙能取代我s 变得更宽并自动替换i为\i。）

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