我想在同一个文档中多次使用 TikZ 图片（埃菲尔铁塔，但没关系），但大小和颜色不同。
第一个选项可能是定义一个\newcommand。但这意味着 TikZ 将被调用多次来绘制同一张图片，以及更重的 pdf 文件。
我选择执行以下操作：
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[usenames,dvipsnames]{xcolor}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage{xparse}
\usetikzlibrary{external}
\tikzexternalize[prefix=figs/]
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\NewDocumentCommand{\eiffel}{O{1}O{LimeGreen}}{%
\IfFileExists{figs/eiffel_#2.pdf}{\includegraphics[scale=#1]{figs/eiffel_#2.pdf}}{%
\tikzsetnextfilename{eiffel_#2}%
\begin{tikzpicture}[y=1pt, x=1pt, yscale=-0.1*#1, xscale=0.1*#1,inner sep=0pt, outer sep=0pt ]
\path[fill=#2] \eiffeldessin
\end{tikzpicture}}}
\begin{document}
\eiffel \eiffel[2] \eiffel[3]
\eiffel[1][red] \eiffel[5][red] \eiffel[4][Cerulean]
\end{document}
更准确地说，该命令\eiffel采用两个可选参数：大小和颜色。根据不同的颜色名称，将创建与不同颜色相对应的不同文件，如 eiffel_black.pdf、eiffel_red.pdf、eiffel_LimeGreen.pdf 等。第一次调用时会\eiffel使用颜色名称创建该文件，下次调用时，该文件将仅包含在内\includegraphics。
这似乎工作得很好，因为下面提供的示例产生了以下输出：
但是，第一次调用颜色时，文件的大小取决于第一次调用的缩放因子。例如，如果我添加\eiffel[1][Cerulean]到前面的示例，我将得到一个新的蓝色埃菲尔铁塔，其大小与之前的相同。我理解为什么会发生这种情况，但我希望这个新的蓝色塔比之前的塔小四倍。
\eiffel所以我的问题是：在创建外部化图片时，是否有某种方法可以“忘记”比例因子，但当第一次使用新颜色调用时，使用的比例因子不同于 1，仍然将其应用于我的文档。
另一种方法是，能够将图片外部化而不将其包含在文档中（我的意思是在第一次调用时创建一个未缩放的外部化 PDF，然后以所需的比例包含它）。如果有一个简单的方法可以做到这一点，那对我来说就足够了。