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Tikz 奇怪的 3D 外观

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Tikz 奇怪的 3D 外观

我对 TikZ 绘制 3D 图形的方式有点小问题。图片中圆柱体顶部和底部的边缘似乎没有正确匹配，尽管我认为我没有犯错。有人知道为什么会这样吗？或者有没有更好的方法来绘制它？（对 TikZ 和 3D 绘图仍然很陌生）

    \documentclass[11pt,a4paper,onesided]{report}

\usepackage[ngerman]{babel}



\usepackage{amsmath,amsfonts,amssymb,amsthm}
\usepackage{pgfplots}


\usetikzlibrary{calc,fit,patterns,decorations.markings,matrix,3d}
\begin{document}

    \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=1]
    \draw[thin,->] (-2,0) -- (5,0);
    \draw[thin,->] (0,-2) -- (0,3);

    %Zylinder
    \draw[] (1.5,-1.5) -- (1.5,1.5);
    \draw[] (3.5,-1.5) -- (3.5,1.5);
    \begin{scope}[canvas is zx plane at y=0]
    \draw (0,2.5) circle (2cm);
    \draw[fill=gray,opacity=0.5] (0,2.5) circle (1cm);
    %
    \draw[->] (-2,0) -- (3,0);
    \end{scope}

    \begin{scope}[canvas is zx plane at y=1.5]
    \draw (0,2.5) circle (1cm);
    \end{scope}

    \begin{scope}[canvas is zx plane at y=-1.5]
    \draw (0,2.5) circle (1cm);
    \end{scope}     

    \begin{scope}[every node/.append style={
        xslant=1,sloped}
    ]    
    \node at (2.4,-.2) {\scalebox{1}[.7]{$T_0$}};
    \node at (4,.4) {\scalebox{1}[.7]{$T$}};
    \node at (-.8,-.2) {\scalebox{1}[.7]{$\mathbb{R}^n$}};
    \end{scope}


    \end{tikzpicture}

\end{document}

结果：

在此处输入图片描述

答案1

这是一个可以产生更令人满意的结果的选项：

在此处输入图片描述

代码：

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{calc,fit,patterns,decorations.markings,matrix,3d}

\begin{document}

\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=1]
\def\Anglei{-66}

\draw[thin,->] (-2,0) -- (5,0);
\draw[thin,->] (0,-2) -- (0,3);

%Zylinder
\begin{scope}[canvas is zx plane at y=0]
\draw (0,2.5) circle (2cm);
\draw[fill=gray,opacity=0.5] (0,2.5) circle (1cm);
\draw[->] (-2,0) -- (3,0);
\end{scope}

\begin{scope}[canvas is zx plane at y=1.5]
\path (0,2.5) circle (1cm);
\coordinate (circ1a) at ( $ (0,2.5) + (\Anglei:1cm) $ );
\coordinate (circ1b) at ( $ (0,2.5) + (180+\Anglei:1cm) $ );
\end{scope}

\begin{scope}[canvas is zx plane at y=-1.5]
\path (0,2.5) circle (1cm);
\coordinate (circ2a) at ( $ (0,2.5) + (\Anglei:1cm) $ );
\coordinate (circ2b) at ( $ (0,2.5) + (180+\Anglei:1cm) $ );
\end{scope} 

\begin{scope}[canvas is xy plane at z=0]
\draw (circ1a) -- (circ2a);
\draw (circ1b) -- (circ2b);
\end{scope}

\begin{scope}[canvas is zx plane at y=1.5]
\draw (0,2.5) circle (1cm);
\end{scope}

\begin{scope}[canvas is zx plane at y=-1.5]
\draw (0,2.5) circle (1cm);
\end{scope} 

\begin{scope}[every node/.append style={
xslant=1,sloped}
]
\node at (2.4,-.2) {\scalebox{1}[.7]{$T_0$}};
\node at (4,.4) {\scalebox{1}[.7]{$T$}};
\node at (-.8,-.2) {\scalebox{1}[.7]{$\mathbb{R}^n$}};
\end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}

\end{document}

这个想法是在圆的适当直径上放置一些辅助坐标；为此，需要适当的角度，正如 Heiko Oberdiek 在his comment，由于倾斜轴旋转了 45°，所以这个角度是 (90° + 45°)/2 = 67.5°（对符号取模）。

\def\Anglei{-67.5}

\begin{scope}[canvas is zx plane at y=1.5]
\path (0,2.5) circle (1cm);
\coordinate (circ1a) at ( $ (0,2.5) + (\Anglei:1cm) $ );
\coordinate (circ1b) at ( $ (0,2.5) + (180+\Anglei:1cm) $ );
\end{scope}

\begin{scope}[canvas is zx plane at y=-1.5]
\path (0,2.5) circle (1cm);
\coordinate (circ2a) at ( $ (0,2.5) + (\Anglei:1cm) $ );
\coordinate (circ2b) at ( $ (0,2.5) + (180+\Anglei:1cm) $ );
\end{scope}

也许划破一些弧线也是一个好主意：

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{calc,fit,patterns,decorations.markings,matrix,3d}

\begin{document}

\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=1]
\def\Anglei{-67.5}
\def\Angleii{233}
\def\Angleiii{170}

\draw[thin,->] (-2,0) -- (5,0);
\draw[thin,->] (0,-2) -- (0,3);

%Zylinder
\begin{scope}[canvas is zx plane at y=0]
\coordinate (circmb) at ( $ (0,2.5) + (\Angleii:2cm) $ );
\coordinate (circma) at ( $ (0,2.5) + (\Angleiii:2cm) $ );
\draw[dashed] (circmb) arc [start angle=\Angleii,end angle=\Angleiii,radius=2cm];
\draw (circma) arc [start angle=\Angleiii,end angle=\Angleii-360,radius=2cm];
\fill[fill=gray,opacity=0.5] (0,2.5) circle (1cm);

\coordinate (circm1) at ( $ (0,2.5) + (\Anglei:1cm) $ );
\coordinate (circm2) at ( $ (0,2.5) + (180+\Anglei:1cm) $ );

\draw (circm1) arc [start angle=\Anglei,end angle=180+\Anglei,radius=1cm];
\draw[dashed] (circm2) arc [start angle=180+\Anglei,end angle=360+\Anglei,radius=1cm];

\draw[->] (-2,0) -- (3,0);
\end{scope}

\begin{scope}[canvas is zx plane at y=1.5]
\path (0,2.5) circle (1cm);
\coordinate (circ1a) at ( $ (0,2.5) + (\Anglei:1cm) $ );
\coordinate (circ1b) at ( $ (0,2.5) + (180+\Anglei:1cm) $ );
\end{scope}

\begin{scope}[canvas is zx plane at y=-1.5]
\path (0,2.5) circle (1cm);
\coordinate (circ2a) at ( $ (0,2.5) + (\Anglei:1cm) $ );
\coordinate (circ2b) at ( $ (0,2.5) + (180+\Anglei:1cm) $ );
\end{scope} 

\begin{scope}[canvas is xy plane at z=0]
\draw (circ1a) -- (circ2a);
\draw (circ1b) -- (circ2b);
\end{scope}

\begin{scope}[canvas is zx plane at y=1.5]
\draw (0,2.5) circle (1cm);
\end{scope}

\begin{scope}[canvas is zx plane at y=-1.5]
\draw (circ2a) arc [start angle=\Anglei,end angle=180+\Anglei,radius=1cm];
\draw[dashed] (circ2b) arc [start angle=180+\Anglei,end angle=360+\Anglei,radius=1cm];
\end{scope} 

\begin{scope}[every node/.append style={
xslant=1,sloped}
]
\node at (2.4,-.2) {\scalebox{1}[.7]{$T_0$}};
\node at (4,.4) {\scalebox{1}[.7]{$T$}};
\node at (-.8,-.2) {\scalebox{1}[.7]{$\mathbb{R}^n$}};
\end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}

\end{document}

在此处输入图片描述

答案2

你没有搞错：如果你在直径处取两个环和连接杆，你就会得到这个结果。当你在它们之间再画两条线时，它看起来是这样的：

带四条导轨的圆柱体

您也可以考虑使用pgfplots将圆柱体绘制为表面或线框。您还可以移动线条，使它们位于（cos吨，罪吨） 在里面陣陣-plane 的一些更令人赏心悦目的值吨大于0和π。

\PassOptionsToPackage{svgnames}{xcolor}
\documentclass{standalone}
\usepackage{iftex}

\ifPDFTeX
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\else
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{unicode-math}
\setmathfont{Latin Modern Math}
\fi

\usepackage{pgfplots}
\pgfplotsset{width=\textwidth,compat=1.12}
\usetikzlibrary{calc,fit,patterns,decorations.markings,matrix,3d}

\begin{document}

    \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=1]
    \draw[thin,->] (-2,0) -- (5,0);
    \draw[thin,->] (0,-2) -- (0,3);

    %Zylinder
    \begin{scope}[canvas is xy plane at z=0]
    \draw[color=DarkGray] (1.5,-1.5) -- (1.5,1.5);
    \draw[color=DarkGray] (3.5,-1.5) -- (3.5,1.5);
    \end{scope}
    \begin{scope}[canvas is xy plane at z=sqrt(3)/2]
    \draw[color=DarkGray] (2,-1.5) -- (2,1.5);
    \draw[color=DarkGray] (3,-1.5) -- (3,1.5);
    \end{scope}
    \begin{scope}[canvas is zx plane at y=0]
    \draw (0,2.5) circle (2cm);
    \draw[fill=gray,opacity=0.5] (0,2.5) circle (1cm);
    %
    \draw[->] (-2,0) -- (3,0);
    \end{scope}

    \begin{scope}[canvas is zx plane at y=1.5]
    \draw (0,2.5) circle (1cm);
    \end{scope}

    \begin{scope}[canvas is zx plane at y=-1.5]
    \draw (0,2.5) circle (1cm);
    \end{scope}     

    \begin{scope}[every node/.append style={
        xslant=1,sloped}
    ]    
    \node at (2.4,-.2) {\scalebox{1}[.7]{$T_0$}};
    \node at (4,.4) {\scalebox{1}[.7]{$T$}};
    \node at (-.8,-.2) {\scalebox{1}[.7]{$\mathbb{R}^n$}};
    \end{scope}
    \end{tikzpicture}

\end{document}

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