水平跨度宽度不匹配

Question

我在 tikzpicture 环境中使用 TikZ 节点来实现所有子图的放置。在附图中，可以看到第二行的总水平宽度超过了第一行。第三行也是如此。

怎样才能使图形右外侧的所有垂直边框完全对齐？

附件是我当前的工作示例。

\documentclass[tikz]{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage{pgfplots}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usetikzlibrary{pgfplots.groupplots}
\usetikzlibrary{positioning,fit,calc}
\begin{document}

\newlength{\mywidth}
\settowidth{\mywidth}{\includegraphics[scale=1]{example-image-a}}

\newlength{\myheight}
\settoheight{\myheight}{\includegraphics[scale=1]{example-image-a}}

\begin{tikzpicture}
\node [draw,rectangle,ultra thick] (mge) {\includegraphics[width=\mywidth]{example-image-a}};

\node[draw,rectangle,ultra thick,right = 0pt of mge.east,anchor=west] (maj) {\includegraphics[height=\myheight]{example-grid-100x100pt}};

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\path let \p{1}=(mge.west),\p{2}=(maj.east),\n{x dist}={0.50*abs(\x{2}-\x{1}-\the\pgflinewidth)} in
    node[draw,rectangle,ultra thick,below = 0pt of mge.south west, anchor=north west] (loess) {\includegraphics[width=\n{x dist}]{example-image-b}};

\path let \p{1}=(mge.west),\p{2}=(maj.east),\n{x dist}={0.50*abs(\x{2}-\x{1}-\the\pgflinewidth)},\p3=(loess.south),\p4=(loess.north),\n{y dist}={abs(\y{4}-\y{3}-2*\pgflinewidth)} in
    node[draw,rectangle,ultra thick,right= 0pt of loess.east, anchor=west,minimum height=\n{y dist}] (masses) {\includegraphics[width=\n{x dist}]{example-image-c}};

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\path let \p{1}=(mge.west),\p{2}=(maj.east),\n{x dist}={abs(\x{2}-\x{1}-\the\pgflinewidth)} in
    node[draw,rectangle,ultra thick,below = 0pt of loess.south west,anchor=north west] (chi2) {\includegraphics[width={\n{x dist}}]{example-image-golden}};

\node[above=0pt of mge.north west,anchor=south west]{\Huge{ESO349-010}};


\end{tikzpicture}

\end{document}

Answer 1

下面的代码似乎工作正常。基本上你只需要考虑ultra thick线宽和inner sep节点，正如我在评论中提到的那样。更详细地说：

从前两幅图的左到右移动，占据水平空间的元素是

(lw)(is)(img1)(is)(lw)(lw)(is)(img2)(is)(lw)

或者

4×lw + 4×is + (img1 + img2)

其中lw是线的线宽ultra thick，是节点的is默认值，是图像的宽度。锚点位于绘制线的外边框上，因此在您的代码中 是所有这些元素的总和。inner sepimg\x{2}-\x{1}几乎。是inner sep节点内容到周围路径的距离，边框node绘制在此路径的中间。这意味着线宽的一半延伸到 定义的区域inner sep。以下示例显示了这一点：

\documentclass[tikz,border=3pt]{standalone}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\node [line width=4pt,inner sep=0pt,draw=blue,draw opacity=0.5] (a) {text};
\fill[red] (a.west) circle[radius=0.5pt];
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

这意味着你的两张图片的宽度变成

\x{2} - \x{1} = 2×lw + 4×is + (img1 + img2)

因此，第二行两个图像的宽度变为

0.5×[\x{2} - \x{1} - (2×lw + 4×is)]

线的宽度ultra thick在手册中给出为1.6pt，默认inner sep值为0.333em。

---

次要评论：\Huge不是接受参数的命令，应该是{\Huge text}，而不是\Huge{text}。在节点中不需要括号对。

\documentclass[tikz,border=5pt]{standalone}
\usetikzlibrary{positioning,calc}
\begin{document}

\begin{tikzpicture}
\newlength{\mywidth}
\settowidth{\mywidth}{\includegraphics[scale=1]{example-image-a}}

\newlength{\myheight}
\settoheight{\myheight}{\includegraphics[scale=1]{example-image-a}}


\node [draw,rectangle,ultra thick] (mge) {\includegraphics[width=\mywidth]{example-image-a}};

\node[draw,rectangle,ultra thick,right = 0pt of mge.east,anchor=west] (maj) {\includegraphics[height=\myheight]{example-grid-100x100pt}};

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

% 1.6pt: width of an ultra thick line
% 0.333em: default inner sep of nodes

\path let
   \p{1}=(mge.west),
   \p{2}=(maj.east),
   \n{x dist}={0.50*(\x{2}-\x{1})-1.6pt - 2*0.333em}
    in
    node[draw,rectangle,ultra thick,below = 0pt of mge.south west, anchor=north west] (loess) {\includegraphics[width=\n{x dist}]{example-image-b}}
    node[draw,rectangle,ultra thick,below=0pt of maj.south east, anchor= north east] (masses) {\includegraphics[width=\n{x dist}]{example-image-c}};

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\path let
  \p{1}=(mge.west),
  \p{2}=(maj.east),
  \n{x dist}={\x{2}-\x{1}-1.6pt-2*0.333em}
  in
    node[draw,rectangle,ultra thick,below = 0pt of loess.south west,anchor=north west] (chi2) {\includegraphics[width={\n{x dist}}]{example-image-golden}};

\node[above=0pt of mge.north west,anchor=south west]{\Huge ESO349-010};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}