我正在尝试提高有机化学实验报告的美观度

Question 1

例如，您可以使用两个不同长度（5 厘米和 10 厘米）的居中 ( [c])minipage作为徽标，并将文本并排放置：

\begin{minipage}[c]{5cm}
  \includegraphics[width=5cm]{Concordia_Logo2.png}
\end{minipage}
\begin{minipage}[c]{10cm}
  \begin{flushright}
  Johnathan

%\hspace*{0pt}
  \underline{Student ID:} 123456

%\hspace*{0pt}
  Laboratory report
\end{flushright}
\end{minipage}

在环境下，flushright文本是右对齐的。请注意，我添加了垂直空间，以便\vspace{3em}在标题行和标题行之间获得更大的空间。

您的表中有我删除的空列。例如，表 1 只有 5 个实际列：

\begin{longtable}{*{5}{l}}%Cr *{6}{l}SS
  \caption{Measurement of the unknown's boiling point (bp) and refractive index (RI)}\\
  \toprule
 Substance & 1\textsuperscript{st} drop(\SI{}{\celsius}) & $\sfrac{1}{2}$ Flask(\SI{}{\celsius}) & 1\SI{}{\ml} left(\SI{}{\celsius}) & RI (20.0\SI{}{\celsius})\\ 
  \midrule
  \endfirsthead
  \endfoot
  \bottomrule
  \caption*{The unknown substance's boiling point range is 67-70\SI{}{\celsius} at an atmospheric pressure of \textbf{insert atm here}. 
  The refractive index was measured at a temperature of 20.0\SI{}{\celsius}.}.
  \endlastfoot

 206 & 67 & 79 & 70 & 1.4249\\
\end{longtable}

&查看行中已删除的值，并查看更改的列定义（您可以在注释符号后面找到的原始定义）。

通过注释一些被调用的包，我消除了其他一些警告和错误（参见完整的 MWE）：

\documentclass[12pt]{article}

\usepackage[table]{xcolor}

\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage[labelfont=bf]{caption}
\captionsetup{belowskip=10pt,aboveskip=10pt}

\usepackage[a4paper,margin=1in]{geometry}
\usepackage{xstring}
\usepackage{xfrac}
\usepackage{changes}

%Load math package
\usepackage{amsmath}

%Make cell space and scientific notation
\usepackage{longtable, cellspace, booktabs}
\setlength\cellspacetoplimit{4pt}
\setlength\cellspacebottomlimit{4pt}

\usepackage{siunitx}
\sisetup{scientific-notation = true}

%To generate scientific notation later-on
\providecommand{\sci}[1]{\protect\ensuremath{\times 10^{\StrSubstitute[0]{#1}{e}{}}}}


\begin{document}

\begin{minipage}[c]{5cm}
  \includegraphics[width=5cm]{Concordia_Logo2.png}
\end{minipage}
\begin{minipage}[c]{10cm}
  \begin{flushright}
  Johnathan

%\hspace*{0pt}
  \underline{Student ID:} 123456

%\hspace*{0pt}
  Laboratory report
\end{flushright}
\end{minipage}

\vspace{3em}
\centerline{\Large\textbf{Identification of a Petroleum Hydrocarbon}}

%Start writing text
\section{Results}
\subsection{Tables}

%Table 1
\begin{longtable}{*{5}{l}}%Cr *{6}{l}SS
  \caption{Measurement of the unknown's boiling point (bp) and refractive index (RI)}\\
  \toprule
 Substance & 1\textsuperscript{st} drop(\SI{}{\celsius}) & $\sfrac{1}{2}$ Flask(\SI{}{\celsius}) & 1\SI{}{\ml} left(\SI{}{\celsius}) & RI (20.0\SI{}{\celsius})\\ 
  \midrule
  \endfirsthead
  \endfoot
  \bottomrule
  \caption*{The unknown substance's boiling point range is 67-70\SI{}{\celsius} at an atmospheric pressure of \textbf{insert atm here}. 
  The refractive index was measured at a temperature of 20.0\SI{}{\celsius}.}.
  \endlastfoot

 206 & 67 & 79 & 70 & 1.4249\\
\end{longtable}

%Table2
\begin{longtable}{*{6}{l}}
  \caption{Computation of the unknown substance's density ($\rho$)}\\
  \toprule
 Substance & Mass$_{1}$(\SI{}{\gram}) & Mass$_{2}$(\SI{}{\gram}) & Mass$_{3}$ (\SI{}{\gram}) & Mass$_{Avg}$(\SI{}{\gram}) & Density(\SI{}{\gram}\textbackslash\SI{}{\ml})\\ 
  \midrule
  \endfirsthead
  \endfoot
  \bottomrule

  \caption*{The mass of three 1\SI{}{\ml} samples of the unknown hydrocarbon was measured separately to obtain an average mass (Mass\textsubscript{\textit{Avg}}). 
  The density was then obtained by dividing Mass\textsubscript{\textit{Avg}} by 1\SI{}{\ml}, which produced an identical value to Mass\textsubscript{\textit{Avg}}.}
  \endlastfoot

 206 & 5.42\sci{-1} & 5.39\sci{-1} & 5.50\sci{-1} & 5.44\sci{-1} &  5.44\sci{-1} \\
\end{longtable}

%Table 3
\begin{longtable}{*{5}{l}}
  \caption{Identification of the unknown substance}\\
  \toprule
 & Substance & Bp(\SI{}{\celsius}) & Density($\rho$) & RI\\ 
  \midrule
  \endfirsthead
  \endfoot
  \bottomrule
  \caption*{Insert description here}.
  \endlastfoot

 Unknown   & 206          & \fcolorbox{lightgray}{lightgray}{67-70}  & 5.44\sci{-1} & \fcolorbox{gray}{gray}{1.4249}\\
  \addlinespace
 Reference & Cyclopentane &                                      49  & 7.46\sci{-1} &                        1.4065\\
           & Hexane       & \fcolorbox{lightgray}{lightgray}{69}     & 6.59\sci{-1} &                        1.3749\\
           & Cyclohexane  &                                      81  & 7.79\sci{-1} & \fcolorbox{gray}{gray}{1.4266}\\

\end{longtable}
\end{document}

结果如下：

Answer

例如，您可以使用两个不同长度（5 厘米和 10 厘米）的居中 ( [c])minipage作为徽标，并将文本并排放置：

\begin{minipage}[c]{5cm}
  \includegraphics[width=5cm]{Concordia_Logo2.png}
\end{minipage}
\begin{minipage}[c]{10cm}
  \begin{flushright}
  Johnathan

%\hspace*{0pt}
  \underline{Student ID:} 123456

%\hspace*{0pt}
  Laboratory report
\end{flushright}
\end{minipage}