我正在使用@egreg 几年前提出的练习表解决方案环境：https://tex.stackexchange.com/a/39566/4011。但是，如果我将它与 tikz externalize 库结合使用，它就会以错误消息结束。
以下是一个例子：
\documentclass[a4paper,12pt]{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{external}
\tikzexternalize[prefix=tikz/]
\usepackage{etoolbox}
\usepackage{environ}
\newtheorem{pr}{Problem}
\newtheorem{solinn}{ad Problem}
\newtoks\prsoltoks
\NewEnviron{Solution}{%
\global\prsoltoks=\expandafter{\the\prsoltoks\begin{solinn}}%
\global\prsoltoks=\expandafter{\the\expandafter\prsoltoks\BODY\end{solinn}}%
}
\usepackage{multicol}
\AtEndDocument{\clearpage\begin{center}\Large Solutions \end{center}
\setcounter{pr}{0}
\begin{multicols}{2}
\the\prsoltoks
\end{multicols}
}
\begin{document}
\begin{pr}~
\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw (0,0) circle (1cm);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{pr}
\begin{Solution}~
\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw[red] (0,0) circle (1cm);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{Solution}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw[green] (0,0) circle (1cm);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
编译此结果会出现以下错误消息：
ERROR: Package tikz Error: Sorry, the system call 'pdflatex -halt-on-error -interaction=batchmode -jobname "tikz/externalize_test-figure2" "\def\tikzexternalrealjob{externalize_test}\input{externalize_test}"' did NOT result in a usable output file 'tikz/externalize_test-figure2' (expected one of .pdf:.jpg:.jpeg:.png:). Please verify that you have enabled system calls. For pdflatex, this is 'pdflatex -shell-escape'. Sometimes it is also named 'write 18' or something like that. Or maybe the command simply failed? Error messages can be found in 'tikz/externalize_test-figure2.log'. If you continue now, I'll try to typeset the picture.
错误信息如下tikz/externalize_test-figure2.log：
This is pdfTeX, Version 3.14159265-2.6-1.40.16 (TeX Live 2015) (preloaded format=pdflatex 2015.10.18) 18 OCT 2015 16:15
entering extended mode
\write18 enabled.
%&-line parsing enabled.
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(/usr/local/texlive/2015/texmf-dist/tex/generic/oberdiek/etexcmds.sty
Package: etexcmds 2011/02/16 v1.5 Avoid name clashes with e-TeX commands (HO)
Package etexcmds Info: Could not find \expanded.
(etexcmds) That can mean that you are not using pdfTeX 1.50 or
(etexcmds) that some package has redefined \expanded.
(etexcmds) In the latter case, load this package earlier.
)))
Package grfext Info: Graphics extension search list:
(grfext) [.png,.pdf,.jpg,.mps,.jpeg,.jbig2,.jb2,.PNG,.PDF,.JPG,.JPE
G,.JBIG2,.JB2,.eps]
(grfext) \AppendGraphicsExtensions on input line 452.
(/usr/local/texlive/2015/texmf-dist/tex/latex/latexconfig/epstopdf-sys.cfg
File: epstopdf-sys.cfg 2010/07/13 v1.3 Configuration of (r)epstopdf for TeX Liv
e
))
A tikzpicture has been optimized away. Use '/tikz/external/optimize=false' to d
isable this.
A tikzpicture has been optimized away. Use '/tikz/external/optimize=false' to d
isable this.
! Package tikz Error: Sorry, image externalization failed: the resulting image
was EMPTY. I tried to externalize 'tikz/externalize_test-figure2', but it seems
there is no such image in the document!?
You are currently using 'mode=convert with system call'. This problem can ha
ppen if the image (or one of the images preceeding it) was declared inside of a
\label{} (i.e. in the .aux file): 'convert with system call' has no access to
the main aux file.
Possible solutions in this case:
(a) Try using 'mode=list and make',
(b) Issue the externalization command 'pdflatex -shell-escape -halt-on-error
-interaction=batchmode -jobname "tikz/externalize_test-figure2" "\def\tikzexte
rnalrealjob{externalize_test}\input{externalize_test}"' *manually* (also check
the preceeding externalized images, perhaps the file name sequence is not corre
ct).
Repeat: the resulting image was EMPTY, your attention is required .
See the tikz package documentation for explanation.
Type H <return> for immediate help.
...
l.50 \end{document}
Here is how much of TeX's memory you used:
12114 strings out of 494236
250445 string characters out of 6165751
282228 words of memory out of 5000000
15223 multiletter control sequences out of 15000+600000
4893 words of font info for 18 fonts, out of 8000000 for 9000
517 hyphenation exceptions out of 8191
56i,1n,58p,847b,101s stack positions out of 5000i,500n,10000p,200000b,80000s
! ==> Fatal error occurred, no output PDF file produced!
知道这里出了什么问题以及如何修复它吗？
编辑从评论和答案中，我发现问题并不完全在于组合“自动解决方案代码”和外部库的结合。没有这个“自动解决方案代码”的外部库工作得很好。
答案1
问题是第二幅图像的内容最终会覆盖第三幅图像的内容，而 TikZ 认为是第二幅图像但实际上是第三幅图像的内容不可用。也就是说，您会在问题中看到一个绿色圆圈，如果您让 TikZ 继续排版有问题的图像（尽管存在错误），那么您也会在解决方案中看到一个绿色圆圈。
本质上，TikZ 会非常、非常困惑，分不清哪张图像是哪张。即使你给每张图像指定了名称，这种情况也会发生。
以下代码编译时没有错误。问题中的图像是外部化的。解决方案中的图像没有外部化。相反，这些图像像往常一样排版。
显然，这只是一种变通方法，而不是解决方案，但至少它保留了部分外部化，这比完全放弃它要好。
\documentclass[a4paper,12pt]{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{external}
\tikzexternalize[prefix=ffigurau/]
\usepackage{etoolbox}
\usepackage{environ}
\usepackage{multicol}
\newtheorem{pr}{Problem}
\newtheorem{solinn}{ad Problem}
\newtoks\prsoltoks
\NewEnviron{Solution}{%
\global\prsoltoks=\expandafter{\the\prsoltoks\begin{solinn}}%
\global\prsoltoks=\expandafter{\the\expandafter\prsoltoks\BODY\end{solinn}}%
}
\AtEndDocument{%
\clearpage
\tikzset{external/export=false}%
\begin{center}
\Large Solutions
\end{center}
\setcounter{pr}{0}%
\begin{multicols}{2}
\the\prsoltoks
\end{multicols}%
}
\begin{document}
\begin{pr}~
\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw (0,0) circle (1cm);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{pr}
\begin{Solution}~
\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw[red] (0,0) circle (1cm);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{Solution}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw[green] (0,0) circle (1cm);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
答案2
当我清理你的代码时，只剩下：
\documentclass[a4paper,12pt]{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{external}
\tikzexternalize[prefix=tikz/]
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw (0,0) circle (1cm);
\end{tikzpicture}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw[red] (0,0) circle (1cm);
\end{tikzpicture}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw[green] (0,0) circle (1cm);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
然后它就开始工作了，我得到了这个输出加上三个外部文件：
我使用如下所示的批处理文件对其进行了编译：
pdflatex -shell-escape lala.tex
因此我认为问题出在您的附加代码上。
我知道这不是一个答案，但是评论太多了。