答案1
我找到了这个解决方案(但不声称是完整的):
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[demo]{graphicx}
\usepackage{wrapfig}
\usepackage{amsthm}
\newtheorem{theorem}{Theorem}
\makeatletter
\renewenvironment{proof}[3][\proofname]{\par
\pushQED{\qed}%
\normalfont \topsep6\p@\@plus6\p@\relax
{\noindent\textit{#1}\@addpunct{.}\hspace{\the\labelsep}}%
\begin{wrapfigure}{r}{.5\textwidth}
\centering
#2
\caption{#3}
\end{wrapfigure}%
\ignorespaces
}{%
\popQED\@endpefalse
\par
\vspace*{\the\parsep}
}
\makeatother
\begin{document}
\begin{theorem}
This is a theorem. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consecteruer adipiscing elit. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consecteruer adipiscing elit. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consecteruer adipiscing elit.
\end{theorem}
\begin{proof}{\includegraphics{}}{This is caption.\label{fig:1}}
This is a proof. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consecteruer adipiscing elit. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consecteruer adipiscing elit. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consecteruer adipiscing elit. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consecteruer adipiscing elit. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consecteruer adipiscing elit. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consecteruer adipiscing elit. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consecteruer adipiscing elit. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consecteruer adipiscing elit. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consecteruer adipiscing elit. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consecteruer adipiscing elit.
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consecteruer adipiscing elit. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consecteruer adipiscing elit. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consecteruer adipiscing elit. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consecteruer adipiscing elit. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consecteruer adipiscing elit. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consecteruer adipiscing elit. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consecteruer adipiscing elit. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consecteruer adipiscing elit. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consecteruer adipiscing elit. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consecteruer adipiscing elit. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consecteruer adipiscing elit. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consecteruer adipiscing elit.
\end{proof}
This is figure~\ref{fig:1}.
\end{document}
这只是一个出发点,因为我确信您的问题有更优雅的解决方案。