☰

如何诊断未封闭的（不完整的）\iftrue 或 \ifnum？

tag-icon • tag-icon errors
如何诊断未封闭的（不完整的）\iftrue 或 \ifnum？

我正在处理一个大型 LaTeX 文档（超过 1000 页）。我使用得\include非常多，并且有 47 个.tex文件在运行。运行结束时，我得到了以下诊断信息：

(\end occurred when \iftrue on line 366 was incomplete)
(\end occurred when \ifnum on line 366 was incomplete)

我使用的 TeX 版本声明如下：

This is pdfTeX, Version 3.14159265-2.6-1.40.15 (TeX Live 2015/dev/Debian) (preloaded format=latex 2015.5.11)  29 DEC 2015 17:28

我的问题：我如何找到有问题的命令？ 我使用 Awk 打印了.tex目录中每个文件的第 366 行，但这些文件似乎都没有任何条件。我也查看了这些.aux文件。本地.sty文件不起作用，因为它们都不是 366 行。

我应该在哪里查找？我应该寻找什么？有没有办法让 TeX 吐出有问题的文件的名称而不仅仅是行号？也许是一些 luatex 诡计？

（我不知道如何提供一个最小的例子。如果我能提供的话，我可能就能解决这个问题。）

答案1

如果你看看

\tracingifs=2

\ifnum9=9

\stop

使用\tracingifs设置后日志会显示更多信息：

(./file.tex
LaTeX2e <2016/01/01>
Babel <3.9m> and hyphenation patterns for 79 languages loaded.
{vertical mode: \ifnum: (level 1) entered on line 4}
{\ifvmode: (level 2) entered on line 6}
{\ifnum: (level 3) entered on line 6}
{\fi: \ifnum (level 3) entered on line 6}
{\fi: \ifvmode (level 2) entered on line 6}
{\iftrue: (level 2) entered on line 6}
{\ifx: (level 3) entered on line 6}
{\fi: \ifx (level 3) entered on line 6}
{\fi: \iftrue (level 2) entered on line 6}
{\iffalse: (level 2) entered on line 6}
{\fi: \iffalse (level 2) entered on line 6}
{\iffalse: (level 2) entered on line 6}
{\fi: \iffalse (level 2) entered on line 6}
{internal vertical mode: \ifnum: (level 2) entered on line 6}
{\ifnum: (level 3) entered on line 6}
{\ifvoid: (level 4) entered on line 6}
{\ifvbox: (level 5) entered on line 6}
{\fi: \ifvbox (level 5) entered on line 6}
{\ifx: (level 5) entered on line 6}
{\else: \ifx (level 5) entered on line 6}
{\fi: \ifx (level 5) entered on line 6}
{\ifx: (level 5) entered on line 6}
{\else: \ifx (level 5) entered on line 6}
{\fi: \ifx (level 5) entered on line 6}
{\iffalse: (level 5) entered on line 6}
{\fi: \iffalse (level 5) entered on line 6}
{\iffalse: (level 5) entered on line 6}
{\fi: \iffalse (level 5) entered on line 6}
{\ifx: (level 5) entered on line 6}
{\else: \ifx (level 5) entered on line 6}
{\fi: \ifx (level 5) entered on line 6}
{\else: \ifvoid (level 4) entered on line 6}
{\fi: \ifvoid (level 4) entered on line 6}
{\else: \ifnum (level 3) entered on line 6}
{\fi: \ifnum (level 3) entered on line 6}
{\else: \ifnum (level 2) entered on line 6}
{\fi: \ifnum (level 2) entered on line 6}
{\ifnum: (level 2) entered on line 6}
{\ifdim: (level 3) entered on line 6}
{\else: \ifdim (level 3) entered on line 6}
{\fi: \ifdim (level 3) entered on line 6}
{\else: \ifnum (level 2) entered on line 6}
{\fi: \ifnum (level 2) entered on line 6}
{\ifnum: (level 2) entered on line 6}
{\ifnum: (level 3) entered on line 6}
{\else: \ifnum (level 3) entered on line 6}
{\ifnum: (level 4) entered on line 6}
{\ifnum: (level 5) entered on line 6}
{\fi: \ifnum (level 5) entered on line 6}
{\else: \ifnum (level 4) entered on line 6}
{\fi: \ifnum (level 4) entered on line 6}
{\fi: \ifnum (level 3) entered on line 6}
{\else: \ifnum (level 2) entered on line 6}
{\fi: \ifnum (level 2) entered on line 6}
{\ifnum: (level 2) entered on line 6}
{\else: \ifnum (level 2) entered on line 6}
{\fi: \ifnum (level 2) entered on line 6}
 )
(\end occurred when \ifnum on line 4 was incomplete)

所以你可以看到，在这种情况下，这是一个无与伦比的(level 1) \ifnum

从线开始向上工作

    {vertical mode: \ifnum: (level 1) entered on line 4}

您会看到第一个(节目(./file.tex，因此第 4 行file.tex出现了令人反感的 if。

答案2

尝试在主文件之前输入的文件之一中搜索最终的 \end{documentation} ...

答案3

对于大型日志文件的一些提示：

  • 因为它真的很难寻找(file，)在这种情况下，您可以使用一些 LaTeX 钩子在文件更改时记录一些消息：

    \ExplSyntaxOn
\seq_new:N \__file_list
\seq_put_right:Nn \__file_list {\msg_expandable_error:nn{}{this~cannot~happen!}}
\seq_put_right:Nn \__file_list {<main~file>}
\AddToHook{file/before}{
    \seq_put_right:NV \__file_list \CurrentFile
    \wlog {enter~file\use_none:n{}::\CurrentFile}
}
\AddToHook{file/after}{
    \seq_pop_right:NN \__file_list \__last_file
    \seq_get_right:NN \__file_list \__last_file
    \wlog {return~to~file\use_none:n{}::\__last_file}
}
\ExplSyntaxOff

    （显然效果是，您会在日志中得到一行enter file::X和return to file::X。搜索file::。\use_none:n {}是为了防止在启用宏日志记录时在进行宏扩展时找到消息。）

  • “二进制搜索”的替代方法是向某些 TeX 文件中插入（带注释的）空行，然后查看行号是否增加。（这是“蛮力”，但大多数情况下都有效，除非 catcode 很奇怪。）

  • 请注意，即使某个特定因素\if被报告为罪魁祸首，它也不一定是原因。例如

    \if ... % A

    \if ... % B (accidentally inserted)

\fi % C

    显然B，这里的错误A是 TeX 报告的，尽管如此，它还是不完整的。并且A可能深埋在某些库代码中（例如，如果\if某个文件中存在不完整代码.sty，则可能会发生这种情况）

  • if.* <line number>}一般来说，从文件末尾搜索 (regex) 很有用，因为您可以观察到，如果有多个这样的\if，则最后一个可能有问题；尽管如此，如果第一个匹配项是，\fi则跳过一个\if。

    示例日志

    {\if entered on line X}
{\else: \if entered on line X}
{\fi: \if entered on line X}

{\if entered on line X}
{\else: \if entered on line X}
{\fi: \if entered on line X}

{\if entered on line X}
{\else: \if entered on line X}
{\fi: \if entered on line X}

{\if entered on line X}

{\if entered on line X}
{\else: \if entered on line X}
{\fi: \if entered on line X}

    在这个例子中，可以看出，如果从末尾向后搜索日志行，您将首先看到一个\fi，然后跳过一个\if，然后立即找到有问题的命令。（这可以(level X)部分帮助搜索匹配的行，但仅此而已。）

相关内容