LaTeX 中的 3D 图形

Question

你能建议我一些用于绘制这个东西的好软件包吗：

我想问一下未来绘制 3D 图最有效的方法是什么？

Answer 1

\documentclass[border=0.5cm]{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz}

\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
    % \draw [help lines] (0,0) grid (14,14);
    \draw (4,4) circle (2cm);
    \draw (2,4) arc (180:360:2cm and 1cm);
    \draw [dashed] (2,4) arc (180:0:2cm and 1cm);
    \draw [-latex,thick] (4,4) -- + (2,0) node [right] {$S_{0}$};
    \draw [-latex,thick] (4,4) -- + (0,2) node [above] {$S^{i}$};
    \draw [dashed] (4,4) -- + (-2,0);
    \node at (2,2.5) {$D^{-}$};
    \node at (2,5.5) {$D^{+}$};
    \node at (3,2.8) {$S^{i-1}$};
    \node at (4.9,5.2) {$x^{1}$};
    \node at (4.3,5.5) {$x_{0}$};
    \draw [-latex,thick] (7,4) -- + (1.5,0) node [above,midway] {$\Psi$};
    \draw (10,4.8) circle (0.8);
    \draw (10,3.2) circle (0.8);
    \node at (9,4) {$S_{0}$};
    \node at (11,5.5) {$S_{1}^{i}$};
    \node at (11,2.5) {$S_{2}^{i}$};
    \draw [-latex,thick] (11.3,2.8) -- + (30:1.5) node [midway,below] {$\beta$};
    \draw [-latex,thick] (11.3,5) -- + (-30:1.5) node [midway,above] {$\alpha$};
    \node at (13.5,3.8) {$(M,x_{0})$};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

编辑：在这里，我在球体内添加了矢量。为此，我使用了\usetikzlibrary{intersections}

\documentclass[border=0.5cm]{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{intersections}

\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
    % \draw [help lines] (0,0) grid (14,14);
    \draw (4,4) circle (2cm);
    \draw [name path=continuo] (2,4) arc (180:360:2cm and 1cm);
    \draw [dashed,name path=tratteggio] (2,4) arc (180:0:2cm and 1cm);
    \path [name path=lineA] (4,4) -- + (45:1.5);
    \draw [name intersections={of=tratteggio and lineA},-latex] (4,4) -- (intersection-1);
    \path [name path=lineB] (4,4) -- + (225:1.5);
    \draw [name intersections={of=continuo and lineB},-latex] (4,4) -- (intersection-1);
    \node at (4.2,3.8) {$x^{2}$};
    \draw [-latex,thick] (4,4) -- + (2,0) node [right] {$S_{0}$};
    \draw [-latex,thick] (4,4) -- + (0,2) node [above] {$S^{i}$};
    \draw [dashed] (4,4) -- + (-2,0);
    \node at (2,2.5) {$D^{-}$};
    \node at (2,5.5) {$D^{+}$};
    \node at (3,2.8) {$S^{i-1}$};
    \node at (4.9,5.2) {$x^{1}$};
    \node at (4.3,5.5) {$x_{0}$};
    \draw [-latex,thick] (7,4) -- + (1.5,0) node [above,midway] {$\Psi$};
    \draw (10,4.8) circle (0.8);
    \draw (10,3.2) circle (0.8);
    \node at (9,4) {$S_{0}$};
    \node at (11,5.5) {$S_{1}^{i}$};
    \node at (11,2.5) {$S_{2}^{i}$};
    \draw [-latex,thick] (11.3,2.8) -- + (30:1.5) node [midway,below] {$\beta$};
    \draw [-latex,thick] (11.3,5) -- + (-30:1.5) node [midway,above] {$\alpha$};
    \node at (13.5,3.8) {$(M,x_{0})$};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}