\begin{tabular}{cccccccccccc}
\toprule
\multicolumn{1}{c} \centering \textbf{Tipo de controle} & \multicolumn{1}{c} \centering \textbf{Política} & \multicolumn{1}{c} \centering \textbf{Estação} & \multicolumn{1}{c} \centering \textbf{$ u_{1}$} & \multicolumn{1}{c} \centering \textbf{$ t_{1}$} & \multicolumn{1}{c} \centering \textbf{$ u_{2}$} &
\multicolumn{1}{c} \centering \textbf{$ t_{2}$} & \multicolumn{1}{c} \centering \textbf{$ f_{1}$} & \multicolumn{1}{c} \centering \textbf{$ f_{2}$} & \multicolumn{1}{c} \centering \textbf{$ f_{3}$} & \multicolumn{1}{c} \centering \textbf{$J$} & \multicolumn{1}{c} \centering \textbf{Eficiência} \\
\midrule
\addlinespace
\textbf{Sem controle} & - & - & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 1814,4 & 1814,4 & - \\
\addlinespace
\hline
\addlinespace
\multirow{8}{*}{\parbox{1.7cm}{\centering \textbf{Degrau Concomitante}}} & \multirow{4}{*}{1} & Primavera & 0,3702 & 90 & 0 & 0 & \multirow{4}{*}{135,91} & \multirow{4}{*}{-} & \multirow{4}{*}{100,56} & \multirow{4}{*}{236,47} & \multirow{4}{*}{77,84 \%} \\
& & Verão & 0,3848 & 87 & 0 & 0 & & & & & \\
& & Outono & 0,2020 & 47 & 0 & 0 & & & & & \\
& & Inverno & 0,0407 & 46 & 0 & 0 & & & & & \\
\addlinespace
\cline{2-12}
\addlinespace
& \multirow{4}{*}{2} & Primavera & 0 & 0 & 0,095 & 88 & \multirow{4}{*}{-} & \multirow{4}{*}{120,28} & \multirow{4}{*}{201,6} & \multirow{4}{*}{321,88} & \multirow{4}{*}{57,7 \%} \\
& & Verão & 0 & 0 & 0,1151 & 71 & & & & & \\
& & Outono & 0 & 0 & 0,0971 & 44 & & & & & \\
& & Inverno & 0 & 0 & 0,4663 & 1 & & & & & \\
\addlinespace
\cline{2-12}
\addlinespace
& \multirow{4}{*}{3} & Primavera & 0,1633 & 65 & 0,0748 & 90 & \multirow{4}{*}{61,51} & \multirow{4}{*}{54,75} & \multirow{4}{*}{49,38} & \multirow{4}{*}{165,64} & \multirow{4}{*}{82,51 \%} \\
& & Verão & 0,3646 & 52 & 0,0849 & 80 & & & & & \\
& & Outono & 0,3249 & 34 & 0,0131 & 84 & & & & & \\
& & Inverno & 0,0577 & 23 & 0,01 & 82 & & & & & \\
\addlinespace
\hline
\addlinespace [![enter image description here][1]][1]
\multirow{8}{*}{\parbox{1.7cm}{\centering \textbf{Decrescente Concomitante}}} & \multirow{4}{*}{1} & Primavera & 0,4572 & 90 & 0 & 0 & \multirow{4}{*}{97,93} & \multirow{4}{*}{-} & \multirow{4}{*}{58,07} & \multirow{4}{*}{156} & \multirow{4}{*}{84,32 \%} \\
& & Verão & 0,4472 & 86 & 0 & 0 & & & & & \\
& & Outono & 0,2038 & 57 & 0 & 0 & & & & & \\
& & Inverno & 0,8379 & 1 & 0 & 0 & & & & & \\
\addlinespace
\cline{2-12}
\addlinespace
& \multirow{4}{*}{2} & Primavera & 0 & 0 & 0,1158 & 90 & \multirow{4}{*}{-} & \multirow{4}{*}{99,66} & \multirow{4}{*}{95,04} & \multirow{4}{*}{194,7} & \multirow{4}{*}{68 \%} \\
& & Verão & 0 & 0 & 0,1649 & 86 & & & & & \\
& & Outono & 0 & 0 & 0,0994 & 40 & & & & & \\
& & Inverno & 0 & 0 & 0,0490 & 22 & & & & & \\
\addlinespace
\cline{2-12}
\addlinespace
& \multirow{4}{*}{3} & Primavera & 0,2341 & 76 & 0,0801 & 79 & \multirow{4}{*}{37,29} & \multirow{4}{*}{24,11} & \multirow{4}{*}{ 23,44} & \multirow{4}{*}{84,84} & \multirow{4}{*}{88,63 \%} \\
& & Verão & 0,3139 & 88 & 0,092 & 48 & & & & & \\
& & Outono & 0,2906 & 24 & 0,0384 & 20 & & & & & \\
& & Inverno & 0,0335 & 26 & 0,0237 & 36 & & & & & \\
\addlinespace
\end{tabular}
我想让这个表格标题居中，但命令 \centering 不起作用。有什么想法吗？我还想让合并单元格中的文本“Degrau Concomitante”和“Decrescente Concomitante”居中。提前致谢。
答案1
我建议multicolumn{1}{c}完全删除你的表格内部的居中，这是不需要的（这就是多列中的 c 的用途）。
您只需使用\textbf{Tipo de controle} & \textbf{Política} &（等）作为顶部规则即可。由于您ccccccccccc在表格中，它将自动居中。
对于垂直对齐，它不会垂直对齐，因为您有 12 行，并且您将多行定义为multirow{8}，只需将其更改为multirow{12}，垂直对齐就正确了。