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自动放置节点，不重叠

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自动放置节点，不重叠

我正在尝试生成一个具有自动定位节点功能的 ER 图。此代码的输出效果不错，但我必须手动管理节点的位置。我尝试替换“left of = person”，但这样做会导致节点重叠。我如何告诉 tikz 自动将节点定位在“Person”附近的某个位置？

\documentclass[a4paper ,11pt,x11names]{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{er}

\tikzset{multi attribute/.style={attribute,double distance=1.5pt}} 
\tikzset{derived attribute/.style={attribute ,dashed}} 
\tikzset{total/.style={double distance=1.5pt}}
\tikzset{every entity/.style={draw=orange, fill=orange!20}}
\tikzset{every attribute/.style={draw=MediumPurple1, fill=MediumPurple1!20}} 
\tikzset{every relationship/.style={draw=Chartreuse2, fill=Chartreuse2!20}} 

\newcommand{\key}[1]{\underline{#1}}
\begin{document}
    \begin{tikzpicture}[node distance=7em]
        \node[entity] (person) {Person};
        \node[attribute] (pid) [left of = person] {\key{ID}} edge (person); 
        \node[attribute] (name) [above left of=person] {Name} edge (person); 
    \end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

输出

在此处输入图片描述

答案1

在所有情况下，这不会完全自动，但该库比已弃用的,语法positioning做得更好。例如：left ofabove left of

\documentclass[tikz,multi,border=10pt,svgnames,dvipsnames,x11names]{standalone}
\usetikzlibrary{er,positioning}
\tikzset{%
  multi attribute/.style={attribute,double distance=1.5pt},
  derived attribute/.style={attribute ,dashed},
  total/.style={double distance=1.5pt},
  every entity/.style={draw=orange, fill=orange!20},
  every attribute/.style={draw=MediumPurple1, fill=MediumPurple1!20},
  every relationship/.style={draw=Chartreuse2, fill=Chartreuse2!20},
}
\newcommand{\key}[1]{\underline{#1}}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
  \node[entity] (person) {Person};
  \node[attribute] (pid) [left = of person] {\key{ID}} edge (person);
  \node[attribute] (name) [above left = of person] {Name} edge (person);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

生产

定位输出

或者，如果您的图表采用树的形式，则forest可以自动布局树并适当定位节点。例如：

\documentclass[tikz,multi,border=10pt,svgnames,dvipsnames,x11names]{standalone}
\usepackage{forest}
\usetikzlibrary{er}
\tikzset{%
  multi attribute/.style={attribute,double distance=1.5pt},
  derived attribute/.style={attribute ,dashed},
  total/.style={double distance=1.5pt},
  every entity/.style={draw=orange, fill=orange!20},
  every attribute/.style={draw=MediumPurple1, fill=MediumPurple1!20},
  every relationship/.style={draw=Chartreuse2, fill=Chartreuse2!20},
}
\newcommand{\key}[1]{\underline{#1}}
\begin{document}
\begin{forest}
  for tree={%
    grow'=180
  }
  [Person, name=person, entity
    [\key{ID}, name=pid, attribute, calign with current edge]
    [Name, name=name, attribute]
  ]
\end{forest}
\end{document}

森林定位

另一个选择是chains库。对于真正的自动定位，您可以查看graphTikZ 提供的基于 Lua 的绘图算法。

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