最小代表：
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{adjustbox}
\usepackage{showframe} % just to illustrate
\begin{document}
\adjustbox{trim={.5\width} 0 0 0,clip}{\includegraphics{example-image}}%
\end{document}
对于复制来说，这clip是至关重要的。
潜在线索：
我正在尝试显示一张两页的图片。我正在使用来自这个答案的功能。
当我使用pdflatex图片时，它就按照我预期的那样显示在标题下方。
但是，当我使用 时XeLaTeX，它会显示在页面的中间位置（对于gull.jpg或 ， 完全不存在example-image）。
\documentclass[twoside,b5paper]{scrbook}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{geometry}
\usepackage[strict]{changepage}
\usepackage{afterpage,adjustbox}
\usepackage{caption}
\makeatletter
\newcommand{\twopagepicture}[4]{%
{\afterpage{%
\begin{figure}[#1]
\caption{#4}%
\makebox[\textwidth][l]{%
\let\mywidth\linewidth
\adjustbox{trim=0 0 {.5\width} 0,clip}{\includegraphics[width=2\mywidth]{#3}}}%
\caption*{.}%
\end{figure}%
\begin{figure}[#1]
\caption*{\phantom{#4}}%
\makebox[\textwidth][l]{%
\let\mywidth\linewidth
\adjustbox{trim={.5\width} 0 0 0,clip}{\includegraphics[width=2\mywidth]{#3}}}%
\end{figure}%
}}%
}
\makeatother
\begin{document}
.
\twopagepicture{t}{l}{example-image}{Top caption}
\clearpage\clearpage
\includegraphics{example-image}
\end{document}
\listfiles
*File List*
article.cls 2014/09/29 v1.4h Standard LaTeX document class
size10.clo 2014/09/29 v1.4h Standard LaTeX file (size option)
graphicx.sty 2014/10/28 v1.0g Enhanced LaTeX Graphics (DPC,SPQR)
keyval.sty 2014/10/28 v1.15 key=value parser (DPC)
graphics.sty 2016/05/09 v1.0r Standard LaTeX Graphics (DPC,SPQR)
trig.sty 2016/01/03 v1.10 sin cos tan (DPC)
graphics.cfg 2016/01/02 v1.10 sample graphics configuration
xetex.def 2016/04/06 v4.08 LaTeX color/graphics driver for XeTeX (TeX Liv
e/RRM/JK)
infwarerr.sty 2016/05/16 v1.4 Providing info/warning/error messages (HO)
ltxcmds.sty 2016/05/16 v1.23 LaTeX kernel commands for general use (HO)
adjustbox.sty 2012/05/21 v1.0 Adjusting TeX boxes (trim, clip, ...)
xkeyval.sty 2014/12/03 v2.7a package option processing (HA)
xkeyval.tex 2014/12/03 v2.7a key=value parser (HA)
adjcalc.sty 2012/05/16 v1.1 Provides advanced setlength with multiple back-
ends (calc, etex, pgfmath)
trimclip.sty 2012/05/16 v1.0 Trim and clip general TeX material
collectbox.sty 2012/05/17 v0.4b Collect macro arguments as boxes
tc-xetex.def 2012/05/13 v1.0 Clipping driver for xetex
ifoddpage.sty 2016/04/23 v1.1 Conditionals for odd/even page detection
varwidth.sty 2009/03/30 ver 0.92; Variable-width minipages
showframe.sty 2011/02/24 v0.1i showframe (new impl., RN)
eso-pic.sty 2015/07/21 v2.0g eso-pic (RN)
atbegshi.sty 2016/05/16 v1.17 At begin shipout hook (HO)
ifpdf.sty 2016/05/14 v3.1 Provides the ifpdf switch
xcolor.sty 2016/05/11 v2.12 LaTeX color extensions (UK)
color.cfg 2016/01/02 v1.6 sample color configuration
example-image.pdf Graphic file (type QTm)
答案1
这是这里报告的同一个错误：\scalebox 的 \clipbox 在 xelatex 中无法正常工作。
Joseph 提供了一个解决方案：
\makeatletter
\ifdefined\XeTeXversion
\def\@cliptoboxdim#1{%
\setbox #1=\hbox{%
\Gin@defaultbp\WIDTH{\wd #1}%
\Gin@defaultbp \DEPTH {\dp #1}%
\@tempdima \ht #1%
\advance\@tempdima\dp#1%
\Gin@defaultbp \TOTALHEIGHT {\@tempdima }%
\special{pdf:literal q}%
\special{pdf:literal 0 -\DEPTH \space \WIDTH \space \TOTALHEIGHT \space re W n }%
\rlap{\copy #1}%
\special {pdf:literal Q}%
\hskip\wd#1%
}%
}
\fi
\makeatother
将 Joseph 的修复应用到您的代码中：
\documentclass[twoside,b5paper]{scrbook}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{geometry}
\usepackage[strict]{changepage}
\usepackage{afterpage,adjustbox}
\usepackage{caption}
\makeatletter
\newcommand{\twopagepicture}[4]{%
{\afterpage{%
\begin{figure}[#1]
\caption{#4}%
\makebox[\textwidth][l]{%
\let\mywidth\linewidth
\adjustbox{trim=0 0 {.5\width} 0,clip}{\includegraphics[width=2\mywidth]{#3}}}%
\caption*{.}%
\end{figure}%
\begin{figure}[#1]
\caption*{\phantom{#4}}%
\makebox[\textwidth][l]{%
\let\mywidth\linewidth
\adjustbox{trim={.5\width} 0 0 0,clip}{\includegraphics[width=2\mywidth]{#3}}}%
\end{figure}%
}}%
}
\makeatother
\begin{document}
\makeatletter
\ifdefined\XeTeXversion
\def\@cliptoboxdim#1{%
\setbox #1=\hbox{%
\Gin@defaultbp\WIDTH{\wd #1}%
\Gin@defaultbp \DEPTH {\dp #1}%
\@tempdima \ht #1%
\advance\@tempdima\dp#1%
\Gin@defaultbp \TOTALHEIGHT {\@tempdima }%
\special{pdf:literal q}%
\special{pdf:literal 0 -\DEPTH \space \WIDTH \space \TOTALHEIGHT \space re W n }%
\rlap{\copy #1}%
\special {pdf:literal Q}%
\hskip\wd#1%
}%
}
\fi
\makeatother
.
\twopagepicture{t}{l}{example-image}{Top caption}
\clearpage\clearpage
\includegraphics{example-image}
\end{document}
XeLaTeX：
PDFLaTeX
问题在于trimclip，其中有一些过时的代码。