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在矩阵之间添加更多水平空间

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在矩阵之间添加更多水平空间

我有两个问题：

  1. 如何在矩阵之间添加更多水平间距？
  2. 此外，有没有办法在矩阵上方添加一些文本？

我添加了一张带有所需输出的图片。

以下是获取左侧矩阵的 MWE：

\documentclass[12pt]{article}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{matrix,chains,positioning,decorations.pathreplacing,arrows}
\begin{document}

\[
\begin{matrix}
\begin{bmatrix}
 \begin{tikzpicture}
\matrix [matrix of math nodes] (m)
{
   0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\
   0 & 6 & 3 & 5 & 2 & 1 & 0 \\
   0 & 2 & 1 & 7 & 8 & 4 & 0 \\
   0 & 1 & 8 & 4 & 1 & 7 & 0 \\
   0 & 6 & 3 & 5 & 2 & 1 & 0 \\
   0 & 2 & 1 & 7 & 8 & 4 & 0 \\
   0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\
   };  
   \draw[color=red] (m-1-1.north west) -- (m-1-3.north east) -- (m-3-3.south east) -- (m-3-1.south west) -- (m-1-1.north west);
    \end{tikzpicture}
\end{bmatrix}\\
%\end{bmatrix}\\
\\
\begin{bmatrix}
 \begin{tikzpicture}
\matrix [matrix of math nodes] (m)
{
   0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\
   0 & 1 & 3 & 1 & 0 & 2 & 0 \\
   0 & 9 & 3 & 4 & 2 & 6 & 0 \\
   0 & 1 & 2 & 8 & 9 & 2 & 0 \\
   0 & 5 & 6 & 4 & 5 & 1 & 0 \\
   0 & 7 & 5 & 3 & 3 & 7 & 0 \\
   0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\
   };  
   \draw[color=green] (m-1-1.north west) -- (m-1-3.north east) -- (m-3-3.south east) -- (m-3-1.south west) -- (m-1-1.north west);
    \end{tikzpicture}
\end{bmatrix}\\ 
\\
\begin{bmatrix}
 \begin{tikzpicture}
\matrix [matrix of math nodes] (m)
{
   0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\
   0 & 3 & 1 & 8 & 1 & 9 & 0 \\
   0 & 4 & 5 & 2 & 1 & 8 & 0 \\
   0 & 7 & 6 & 3 & 1 & 1 & 0 \\
   0 & 7 & 4 & 8 & 2 & 5 & 0 \\
   0 & 8 & 4 & 8 & 8 & 3 & 0 \\
   0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\
   };  
   \draw[color=blue] (m-1-1.north west) -- (m-1-3.north east) -- (m-3-3.south east) -- (m-3-1.south west) -- (m-1-1.north west);
    \end{tikzpicture}
\end{bmatrix}
\end{matrix}
%
\begin{matrix}
\begin{bmatrix}
 \begin{tikzpicture}
\matrix [matrix of math nodes] (m)
{
0 & 1 & 0 \\
0 & 1 & 1 \\
1 & 1 & 1 \\
   };  
   \draw[color=red] (m-1-1.north west) -- (m-1-3.north east) -- (m-3-3.south east) -- (m-3-1.south west) -- (m-1-1.north west);
    \end{tikzpicture}
\end{bmatrix}\\ 
\\
\begin{bmatrix}
 \begin{tikzpicture}
\matrix [matrix of math nodes] (m)
{
0 & 1 & 0 \\
1 & 0 & 1 \\
1 & 0 & 0 \\
   };  
   \draw[color=green] (m-1-1.north west) -- (m-1-3.north east) -- (m-3-3.south east) -- (m-3-1.south west) -- (m-1-1.north west);
    \end{tikzpicture}
\end{bmatrix}\\ 
\\
\begin{bmatrix}
 \begin{tikzpicture}
\matrix [matrix of math nodes] (m)
{
1 & 0 & 1 \\
1 & 1 & 0 \\
1 & 1 & 0 \\
   };  
   \draw[color=blue] (m-1-1.north west) -- (m-1-3.north east) -- (m-3-3.south east) -- (m-3-1.south west) -- (m-1-1.north west);
    \end{tikzpicture}
\end{bmatrix}
\end{matrix}
=
\begin{matrix}
\begin{bmatrix}
 \begin{tikzpicture}
\matrix [matrix of math nodes] (m)
{
1 & 1 & 1 \\
0 & 1 & 1 \\
1 & 0 & 0 \\
   };  
   \draw[color=yellow] (m-1-1.north west) -- (m-1-1.north east) -- (m-1-1.south east) -- (m-1-1.south west) -- (m-1-1.north west);
    \end{tikzpicture}
\end{bmatrix}\\ 
\end{matrix}
\label{eq:convex}
\]
\end{document}

矩阵

答案1

您可以将矩阵放在array环境中，这样就可以轻松地将标题放在列的顶部。至于额外的空间，您可以使用设置所需的长度arraycolsep。

编辑：正如 egreg 在评论中所述，\arraycolsep会影响的放置pmatrix，因此要在矩阵之间设置额外的空间，请改用\begin{array{@{}c@{\hspace{20pt}}c@{\hspace{20pt}}c@{\hspace{20pt}}c@{}}。

\documentclass[12pt]{article}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{matrix,chains,positioning,decorations.pathreplacing,arrows}
\setlength{\arraycolsep}{20pt}

\begin{document}

\[
    \begin{array{@{}c@{\hspace{20pt}}c@{\hspace{20pt}}c@{\hspace{20pt}}c@{}}
    Title 1 & Title 2 & & Title 3\\
    \begin{matrix}
        \begin{bmatrix}
            \begin{tikzpicture}
                \matrix [matrix of math nodes] (m)
                    {
                        0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\
                    0 & 6 & 3 & 5 & 2 & 1 & 0 \\
                    0 & 2 & 1 & 7 & 8 & 4 & 0 \\
                    0 & 1 & 8 & 4 & 1 & 7 & 0 \\
                    0 & 6 & 3 & 5 & 2 & 1 & 0 \\
                    0 & 2 & 1 & 7 & 8 & 4 & 0 \\
                    0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\
                };  
                    \draw[color=red] (m-1-1.north west) -- (m-1-3.north east) -- (m-3-3.south east) -- (m-3-1.south west) -- (m-1-1.north west);
            \end{tikzpicture}
        \end{bmatrix}\\
        %\end{bmatrix}\\
        \\
        \begin{bmatrix}
            \begin{tikzpicture}
                \matrix [matrix of math nodes] (m)
                {
                    0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\
                0 & 1 & 3 & 1 & 0 & 2 & 0 \\
                0 & 9 & 3 & 4 & 2 & 6 & 0 \\
                0 & 1 & 2 & 8 & 9 & 2 & 0 \\
                0 & 5 & 6 & 4 & 5 & 1 & 0 \\
                0 & 7 & 5 & 3 & 3 & 7 & 0 \\
                0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\
            };  
                \draw[color=green] (m-1-1.north west) -- (m-1-3.north east) -- (m-3-3.south east) -- (m-3-1.south west) -- (m-1-1.north west);
            \end{tikzpicture}
        \end{bmatrix}\\ 
        \\
        \begin{bmatrix}
            \begin{tikzpicture}
                \matrix [matrix of math nodes] (m)
                {
                    0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\
                0 & 3 & 1 & 8 & 1 & 9 & 0 \\
                0 & 4 & 5 & 2 & 1 & 8 & 0 \\
                0 & 7 & 6 & 3 & 1 & 1 & 0 \\
                0 & 7 & 4 & 8 & 2 & 5 & 0 \\
                0 & 8 & 4 & 8 & 8 & 3 & 0 \\
                0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\
            };  
                \draw[color=blue] (m-1-1.north west) -- (m-1-3.north east) -- (m-3-3.south east) -- (m-3-1.south west) -- (m-1-1.north west);
            \end{tikzpicture}
        \end{bmatrix}
\end{matrix}
&
\begin{matrix}
\begin{bmatrix}
    \begin{tikzpicture}
        \matrix [matrix of math nodes] (m)
        {
            0 & 1 & 0 \\
        0 & 1 & 1 \\
        1 & 1 & 1 \\
    };  
        \draw[color=red] (m-1-1.north west) -- (m-1-3.north east) -- (m-3-3.south east) -- (m-3-1.south west) -- (m-1-1.north west);
    \end{tikzpicture}
\end{bmatrix}\\ 
\\
\begin{bmatrix}
    \begin{tikzpicture}
        \matrix [matrix of math nodes] (m)
        {
            0 & 1 & 0 \\
        1 & 0 & 1 \\
        1 & 0 & 0 \\
    };  
        \draw[color=green] (m-1-1.north west) -- (m-1-3.north east) -- (m-3-3.south east) -- (m-3-1.south west) -- (m-1-1.north west);
    \end{tikzpicture}
\end{bmatrix}\\ 
\\
\begin{bmatrix}
    \begin{tikzpicture}
        \matrix [matrix of math nodes] (m)
        {
            1 & 0 & 1 \\
        1 & 1 & 0 \\
        1 & 1 & 0 \\
    };  
        \draw[color=blue] (m-1-1.north west) -- (m-1-3.north east) -- (m-3-3.south east) -- (m-3-1.south west) -- (m-1-1.north west);
    \end{tikzpicture}
\end{bmatrix}
\end{matrix}
& = &
\begin{matrix}
\begin{bmatrix}
    \begin{tikzpicture}
        \matrix [matrix of math nodes] (m)
        {
            1 & 1 & 1 \\
        0 & 1 & 1 \\
        1 & 0 & 0 \\
    };  
        \draw[color=yellow] (m-1-1.north west) -- (m-1-1.north east) -- (m-1-1.south east) -- (m-1-1.south west) -- (m-1-1.north west);
    \end{tikzpicture}
\end{bmatrix}\\ 
\end{matrix}
\label{eq:convex}
\end{array}
\]
\end{document}

给出：

带标题和空格的矩阵

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