当 Tikzpictures 已经在文档中时，如何将其外部化？

2024-5-23 • tag-icon

我有一个很大的（而且会非常大）文档，需要很长时间才能编译。我怀疑处理几个图tikz需要太长时间。所以我昨天所做的就是放入以下代码片段：

\usetikzlibrary{external}
\tikzexternalize[prefix=figures/] % Where I want the pictures to be output under this folder.

我得到了一个错误，无法找到我的第一个图形（由创建）的 MD5 tikzpicture。经过几个小时的反复试验，我设法让我的 TeX Studio 编译，并发出一个外部用户命令

"/texlive/bin/win32/xelatex.exe" -synctex=1 -interaction=nonstopmode --shell-escape %.tex

它可以编译，但不知何故我收到了 XeLaTeX 无法将图片输出为任何正确格式的错误。

平均能量损失

（此段已删除，见历史记录）

我设法获得了一个仍然存在错误的 MWE。在这个 MWE 中，我首先在没有代码片段的情况下进行了编译。然后输入这样的代码并重新编译它。

\documentclass[12pt,a4paper]{scrbook}
\usepackage[usenames,dvipsnames,svgnames,x11names]{xcolor}
\usepackage{caption}

\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{positioning}
\usetikzlibrary{external}
\tikzexternalize[prefix=figures/] % Where I want the pictures to be output under this folder.

\begin{document}
\chapter{Sample}
\begin{figure}[h!]
\centering
\begin{tikzpicture}[
block/.style={%
rectangle,minimum size=6mm,very thick,draw=Tomato!95!Grey!25!
}]
\node (start) [block] {A};
\node (interim) [block,right=of start] {B};
\node (end) [block,right=of interim] {C};
\path (start) edge[->] (interim)
      (interim) edge[->] (end);
\end{tikzpicture}
\caption{some caption}
\label{fig:A}
\end{figure}
\end{document}

错误提示：

 ! Package tikz Warning: The key 'up to date check=md5' is impossible, there is no macro to compute MD5. Falling back to 'up to date check=diff'.
 ! I can't write on file `figures/main-figure0.md5'.
 <to be read again> 
                    \relax 
 l.53 \end{tikzpicture}

 (Press Enter to retry, or Control-Z to exit; default file extension is `.tex')
 Please type another output file name
 ! Emergency stop.
 <to be read again> 
                    \relax 
 l.53 \end{tikzpicture}

 *** (job aborted, file error in nonstop mode)

创建目录后，根据 cfr 的建议，删除 .aux 和 .auxlock 文件。然后会出现一个扩展警告 + 错误消息：

! Package tikz Warning: The key 'up to date check=md5' is impossible, there is no macro to compute MD5. Falling back to 'up to date check=diff'.

'xelatex' is not recognized as an internal or external command, operable program or batch file.

===== 'mode=convert with system call': Invoking 'xelatex -shell-escape -halt-on -error -interaction=batchmode -jobname "figures/PHYSnotes-figure0"  \def\tikzexternalrealjob{PHYSnotes}\input{PHYSnotes}"' ========

! Package tikz Error: Sorry, the system call 'xelatex -shell-escape -halt-on-error -interaction=batchmode -jobname "figures/main-figure0" "\def\tikzexternalrealjob{main}\input{main}"' did NOT result in a usable output file 'figures/main-figure0' (expected one of .pdf:.jpg:.jpeg:.png:.bmp:). Please verify that you have enabled system calls. For pdflatex, this is 'pdflatex -shell-escape'. Sometimes it is also named 'write 18' or something like that. Or maybe the command simply failed? Error messages can be found in 'figures/main-figure0.log'. If you continue now, I'll try to typeset the picture.

此外，我正在使用

TeX Live 2016
最新更新的 TeX Studio 便携版（我两周前下载的）
XeLaTeX 作为编译方法

平均能量损失

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