根据内容设置单列宽度

Question

我有一张包含多列的表格，其中有一列是“序列号”。显然，这是宽度最小的列，但默认情况下，Latex 会为该列分配相对较大的宽度。因此，表格超出了页面列的宽度。

我怎样才能仅调整此列的宽度（保持其他列宽度不变）？

我正在上传代码和表格图像。

 \begin{table}[h]
\centering
 \begin{tabular}{|c |c |c |} 
 \hline
 \textbf{Serial Number} & \textbf{Key} & \textbf{Value} \\[0.5ex] 
 \hline \hline
 (1) & State/Province & Uttar Pradesh  \\ 
 \hline
 (2) & Number of districts & 75 \\
 \hline
 (3) & Number of speakers & 1500 \\ 
 \hline
 (4) & Data content & names of crops, fruits markets \& districts; yes/no \\
 \hline
 (5)  & Duration of an utterance & 3-5 seconds \\ 
\hline
 (6) & Background enviroment & silent, noisy, extremely noisy \\
 \hline
 (7) & Speaker composition & male \& female (age group: 18-76 years) \\
 \hline
 (8) & Speaker-gender ratio & M:F = 4:1 \\
 \hline
 (9) & Other variations & different mobile brands, mobile/landline \\
 \hline 
 \end{tabular}
 \caption{Statistics of Data Collection Phase}
\label{table:1}
\end{table}

这是图片

问题仍然存在

Answer 1

即使你将标题字符串“序列号”拆分为两行（你应该做顺便说一下，除非允许在第 2 列和/或第 3 列中换行，否则表格可能仍然太宽而无法放入文本块中。对于手头的表格，允许在第 2 列中换行似乎不是一个好主意。但是，在第 3 列中换行似乎是可以的。因此，我建议您使用环境tabularx和（修改后的）X第 3 列的列类型，以允许根据需要进行换行。

我还建议您删除所有垂直线和大多数水平线，并不使用粗体用于标题文本。

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tabularx,booktabs}
\newcolumntype{L}{>{\raggedright\arraybackslash}X}
\newlength\mylen
\settowidth\mylen{Number} % store width of string "Number"
\begin{document}

\begin{table}
\begin{tabularx}{\textwidth}{@{} p{\mylen} l L @{}} 
 \toprule
 Serial Number & Key & Value \\
 \midrule
 (1) & State/Province & Uttar Pradesh  \\ 
 (2) & Number of districts & 75 \\ 
 (3) & Number of speakers & 1500 \\ 
 (4) & Data content & names of crops, fruits markets and districts; yes/no \\
 (5) & Duration of an utterance & 3--5 seconds \\ 
 (6) & Background environment & silent, noisy, extremely noisy \\ 
 (7) & Speaker composition & male \& female (age group: 18--76 years) \\
 (8) & Speaker-gender ratio & M:F = 4:1 \\ 
 (9) & Other variations & different mobile brands, mobile/landline \\
 \bottomrule 
\end{tabularx}
\caption{Statistics of Data Collection Phase}
\label{table:stats}
\end{table}

\end{document}

---

附录：原作者在评论中透露，他的文档采用双列布局。在这种情况下，可以使用全宽table*环境（并将tabular材料置于table*环境的中心），也可以在第 2 列和第 3 列中允许换行。以下示例说明了这两种可能性。

\documentclass{IEEEconf} % example of a two-column document class
\usepackage{tabularx,booktabs,ragged2e,lipsum}
\newcolumntype{L}{>{\RaggedRight\arraybackslash}X}
\newlength\mylen
\settowidth\mylen{Number} % find and store width of "Number" string
\begin{document}
\lipsum[1] % filler text

\begin{table*} % full-width environment
\centering
\begin{tabular}{@{} p{\mylen} ll @{}} % use two "l" columns, no line breaks needed
 \toprule
 Serial Number & Key & Value \\
 \midrule
 (1) & State/Province & Uttar Pradesh  \\ 
 (2) & Number of districts & 75 \\ 
 (3) & Number of speakers & 1500 \\ 
 (4) & Data content & names of crops, fruits markets \& districts; yes/no \\
 (5) & Duration of an utterance & 3--5 seconds \\ 
 (6) & Background environment & silent, noisy, extremely noisy \\ 
 (7) & Speaker composition & male \& female (age group: 18--76 years) \\
 (8) & Speaker-gender ratio & M:F = 4:1 \\ 
 (9) & Other variations & different mobile brands, mobile\slash landline \\
 \bottomrule 
\end{tabular}
\caption{Statistics of Data Collection Phase}
\label{table:stats-wide}
\end{table*}

\lipsum[2-9] % more filler text

\begin{table} % column-width environment
\setlength\tabcolsep{3pt} % default value: 6pt
\begin{tabularx}{\columnwidth}{@{} p{\mylen} LL @{}} % use *two* "L" columns
 \toprule
 Serial Number & Key & Value \\
 \midrule
 (1) & State/Province & Uttar Pradesh  \\ 
 (2) & Number of districts & 75 \\ 
 (3) & Number of speakers & 1500 \\ 
 (4) & Data content & names of crops, fruits markets \& districts; yes/no \\
 (5) & Duration of an utterance & 3--5 seconds \\ 
 (6) & Background environment & silent, noisy, extremely noisy \\ 
 (7) & Speaker composition & male \& female (age group: 18--76 years) \\
 (8) & Speaker-gender ratio & M:F = 4:1 \\ 
 (9) & Other variations & different mobile brands, mobile\slash land\-line \\
 \bottomrule 
\end{tabularx}
\caption{Statistics of Data Collection Phase}
\label{table:stats-narrow}
\end{table}

\lipsum[9-12] % still more filler text

\end{document}