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有没有更简单的方法在 tikz 中绘制大量箭头？

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有没有更简单的方法在 tikz 中绘制大量箭头？

我画了很多像这样的框图（来源如下）：

在此处输入图片描述

箭头绘制包含很多重复的\draw[->]命令，我想知道：有没有办法创建一个快捷方式，以便这个

\draw[->] (x) -- (sum6);
\draw[->] (sum6) -- (K0);
\draw[->] (dot5) -- (Kp);
\draw[->] (dot5) |- (Ki);
\draw[->] (Kp) -- (sum7);
\draw[->] (Ki) -- (int3);
\draw[->] (int3) -- (dot4) -- (sum7);
\draw[->] (sum7) -- (int2);
\draw[->] (int2) -- (sum6);
\draw[->] (dot4) -- (w_e);
\draw[-] (K0) -| ++(12mm,-12mm) -| (dot5);

可以用这个替换（箭头内联而不是在每个\draw命令选项中）：

\draw[arrowcontext]
     (x) --> (sum6) --> (K0) -| ++(12mm,-12mm) -| (dot5)
         --> (Kp) --> (sum7) --> (int2) --> (sum6)
     (dot5) |-> (Ki) --> (int3) -- (dot4) --> (sum7) 
     (dot4) --> (w_e);

完整来源：

\documentclass[border=6mm]{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage{nccmath}
\usetikzlibrary{shapes,shadows,arrows,positioning,calc}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[node distance=5mm, auto,
       blockcolors/.style={
        % The rest
        thick,draw=black,
        top color=white,
        bottom color=black!10,
        font=\sffamily\small
    },
    blockheight/.style = {
        minimum height=10mm
    },
    block/.style={
        % The shape:
        rectangle, minimum size=6mm, minimum width=12mm,
        blockheight,
        node distance=5mm,
        blockcolors,
        drop shadow
    },
    phantom/.style={
    },
    open circle/.style={
        circle, inner sep=0pt,
        thick,draw=black,
        fill = white,
    },
    input/.style={open circle, minimum size=2mm, node distance=8mm, fill=green!70!black},
    output/.style={input},
    junction/.style={open circle, minimum size=0.5mm,fill=black, node distance=5mm},
    sum/.style={open circle, minimum size=4mm, node distance=8mm},
       gain/.style={
          draw,
          shape border rotate=-90,
          inner sep=0.5mm,
          regular polygon,
          regular polygon sides=3,
          blockcolors, drop shadow
       },   
    every label/.style={
        font=\sffamily\scriptsize
    },
    >=latex
    ]
\def\NEAR{4.0mm of }
\node (x) [input, label={[font=\normalsize]$x$}] {};
\node (sum6) [sum, below=of x] {};
\node (K0) [gain, inner sep=0mm, right=6mm of sum6]{$K_0$};
\node (int2) [block, left=7mm of sum6]{$\medint\int dt$};
\node (sum7) [sum, left=\NEAR int2] {};
\node (dot4) [junction] at (x -| sum7){};

\node (int3) [block, left=of dot4]{$\medint\int dt$};
\node (Ki) [gain, left=of int3, inner sep=-0.4mm] {$K_I$};
\node (Kp) [gain, inner sep=-0.65mm] at (Ki |- sum7){$K_P$};
\node (dot5) [junction, left=of Kp]{};
\node (w_e) [output, right=of dot4, label={[font=\normalsize]above:$\hat{\omega}_e$}]{};

\draw[->] (x) -- (sum6);
\draw[->] (sum6) -- (K0);
\draw[->] (dot5) -- (Kp);
\draw[->] (dot5) |- (Ki);
\draw[->] (Kp) -- (sum7);
\draw[->] (Ki) -- (int3);
\draw[->] (int3) -- (dot4) -- (sum7);
\draw[->] (sum7) -- (int2);
\draw[->] (int2) -- (sum6);
\draw[->] (dot4) -- (w_e);
\draw[-] (K0) -| ++(12mm,-12mm) -| (dot5);

\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

答案1

一些选项：

edge

\draw[->]
  (x) edge (sum6)
  (sum6) edge (K0)
  % ...
;

\foreach

\foreach \a/\b in {
   x/sum6,
   sum6/K0,
   % ...
} \draw[->] (\a) -- (\b);

scope

至少，可以在环境中设置常用选项scope：

\begin{scope}[->]
  \draw (x) -- (sum6);
  \draw (sum6) -- (K0);
  % ...
\end{scope}

答案2

正如有人建议的那样，chains图书馆可以是一个选择。有关此图书馆的信息可在以下部分找到46 连锁店来自TikZ文档。

主要优点是可以为每一个元素定义一个定义，因此只需绘制chain元素，即可绘制所有连接。joinchaining

在下面的代码中，我们matrix of nodes使用了一个来放置所有元素，然后将它们添加到两个链中，一个链用于上行，另一个链用于下行。

垂直连接和反馈连接已使用单独的命令绘制。

scopes库已被用来{[start chain]...}代替类型\begin{scope}[start chain]...\end{scope}。

\documentclass[border=6mm]{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage{nccmath}
\usetikzlibrary{shapes,shadows,arrows, matrix, chains, scopes}
\begin{document}

\begin{tikzpicture}[node distance=5mm, auto,
       blockcolors/.style={
        % The rest
        thick,draw=black,
        top color=white,
        bottom color=black!10,
        font=\sffamily\small
    },
    blockheight/.style = {
        minimum height=10mm
    },
    block/.style={
        % The shape:
        rectangle, minimum size=6mm, minimum width=12mm,
        blockheight,
        node distance=5mm,
        blockcolors,
        drop shadow
    },
    phantom/.style={
    },
    open circle/.style={
        circle, inner sep=0pt,
        thick,draw=black,
        fill = white,
    },
    input/.style={open circle, minimum size=2mm, node distance=8mm, fill=green!70!black},
    output/.style={input},
    junction/.style={open circle, minimum size=0.5mm,fill=black, node distance=5mm},
    sum/.style={open circle, minimum size=4mm, node distance=8mm},
       gain/.style={
          draw,
          shape border rotate=-90,
          inner sep=0.5mm,
          regular polygon,
          regular polygon sides=3,
          blockcolors, drop shadow
       },   
    every label/.style={
        font=\sffamily\scriptsize
    },
    >=latex,
    every on chain/.style=join, 
    every join/.style={->},
    ]

\matrix (A) [matrix of nodes, row sep=1mm, column sep=5mm, nodes={anchor=center}]
{
%first row
    & |[gain, inner sep=-.4mm]|$K_I$ 
    & |[block]| $\medint\int dt$ 
    & |[junction]| 
    & |[input,  label={[font=\normalsize]above:$\hat{\omega}_e$}]| 
    & |[input,  label={[font=\normalsize]above:$x$}]|\\
%second row
      |[junction]| 
    & |[gain, inner sep=-.65mm]|$K_P$ 
    & 
    & |[sum]| 
    & |[block]| $\medint\int dt$ 
    & |[sum]| 
    & |[gain, inner sep=0pt]| $K_0$ \\
};

{[start chain]
    \chainin (A-2-1);
    \chainin (A-2-2);
    \chainin (A-2-4);
    \chainin (A-2-5);
    \chainin (A-2-6);
    \chainin (A-2-7);
}

{[start chain]
    \chainin (A-1-2);
    \chainin (A-1-3);
    \chainin (A-1-5);
}

\draw[->] (A-1-4)--(A-2-4);
\draw[->] (A-1-6)--(A-2-6);
\draw[->] (A-2-7)--++(0:1cm)--++(-90:1cm)-|(A-2-1)|-(A-1-2);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

在此处输入图片描述

第二版本：\graph

库的替代方案chains可以是graphs库。尽管graphs提供了很多使用的可能性LuaLaTeX，但这个简单的例子将与一起使用pdfLaTeX。

在写这个答案的时候，我不知道如何解决带有连字符的节点名称（即 A-1-1）和\graph命令之间似乎不兼容的问题（请参阅：`graph` 命令不接受以 `-` 命名的节点）。因此，我在每个矩阵节点中都引入了语法，(namewithouthyphen)以允许使用graph命令。

而不仅仅是

    & |[gain, inner sep=-.4mm]|$K_I$

每个节点前面都有一个名称声明：

    & |(A12)[gain, inner sep=-.4mm]|$K_I$

另一个有效的语法可能是|[name=A12, gain, inner sep=-.4mm]|

\graph命令接受节点之间一些已定义的边，但可以定义新的边。在本例中，feedback和cornerupright的定义如下to path：

feedback/.style={to path={--++(0:1cm)--++(-90:1cm)-|(\tikztotarget)}},
cornerupright/.style={to path={|-(\tikztotarget)}},

通过所有这些更改，除两个连接之外的所有连接都可以在唯一的行内定义：

\graph[use existing nodes]{%
A21->A22->A24->A25->A26->A27--[feedback]A21->[cornerupright]A12->A13->A15;
A14->A24;
A16->A26;
};

与库获得的结果完全相同chains。

完整代码如下：

\documentclass[border=6mm]{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage{nccmath}
\usetikzlibrary{shapes, shadows, arrows, matrix, graphs}
\begin{document}

\begin{tikzpicture}[node distance=5mm, auto,
       blockcolors/.style={
        % The rest
        thick,draw=black,
        top color=white,
        bottom color=black!10,
        font=\sffamily\small
    },
    blockheight/.style = {
        minimum height=10mm
    },
    block/.style={
        % The shape:
        rectangle, minimum size=6mm, minimum width=12mm,
        blockheight,
        node distance=5mm,
        blockcolors,
        drop shadow
    },
    phantom/.style={
    },
    open circle/.style={
        circle, inner sep=0pt,
        thick,draw=black,
        fill = white,
    },
    input/.style={open circle, minimum size=2mm, node distance=8mm, fill=green!70!black},
    output/.style={input},
    junction/.style={open circle, minimum size=0.5mm,fill=black, node distance=5mm},
    sum/.style={open circle, minimum size=4mm, node distance=8mm},
       gain/.style={
          draw,
          shape border rotate=-90,
          inner sep=0.5mm,
          regular polygon,
          regular polygon sides=3,
          blockcolors, drop shadow
       },   
    every label/.style={
        font=\sffamily\scriptsize
    },
    >=latex,
    feedback/.style={to path={--++(0:1cm)--++(-90:1cm)-|(\tikztotarget)}},
    cornerupright/.style={to path={|-(\tikztotarget)}},
    ]

\matrix (A) [matrix of nodes, row sep=1mm, column sep=5mm, nodes={anchor=center}]
{
%first row
    & |(A12)[gain, inner sep=-.4mm]|$K_I$ 
    & |(A13)[block]| $\medint\int dt$ 
    & |(A14)[junction]| 
    & |(A15)[input,  label={[font=\normalsize]above:$\hat{\omega}_e$}]| 
    & |(A16)[input,  label={[font=\normalsize]above:$x$}]|\\
%second row
      |(A21)[junction]| 
    & |(A22)[gain, inner sep=-.65mm]|$K_P$ 
    & 
    & |(A24)[sum]| 
    & |(A25)[block]| $\medint\int dt$ 
    & |(A26)[sum]| 
    & |(A27)[gain, inner sep=0pt]| $K_0$ \\
};

\graph[use existing nodes]{%
    A21->A22->A24->A25->A26->A27--[feedback]A21->[cornerupright]A12->A13->A15;
    A14->A24;
    A16->A26;};
\end{tikzpicture}

\end{document}

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