我目前正在尝试改变元件和电压箭头之间的距离。但我遇到了问题。
不移位的是左边的电路，移位的是右边的电路。
电压偏移命令似乎适用于每个组件，但我不明白具体是怎么回事。每个组件似乎都与其他组件大小相同，所以我无法相对于它们的大小。它可能相对于它们的初始距离？
有没有办法将电压偏移设置为绝对值。或者有没有办法将电压偏移命令应用于每个组件类型？我可以使用这个：
\draw (2,0) to [R,v=$U_R$, voltage shift = 2] (2,-1)
但我想全局改变它。
梅威瑟：
\documentclass{report}
\usepackage{graphicx} % Required for inserting images
\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage[european,straightvoltages]{circuitikz}
\ctikzset{resistors/scale=0.55}
\ctikzset{inductors/scale=0.55}
\ctikzset{capacitors/scale=0.6}
\ctikzset{sources/scale=.8}
\ctikzset{bipoles/thickness=1}
\ctikzset{tripoles/thickness=1}
\tikzset{every picture/.style = {transform shape, line width=1pt}}
\begin{document}
\hbox{
\begin{circuitikz}
% Switch
\draw (2,0) node[spdt, rotate=90,anchor=in] (sw) {};
\draw (sw.out 2) node[right] {(2)};
\draw (sw.out 1) node[left] {(1)};
%Komponenen
\draw (0.5,0) to [V_=$U$] (0.5,-1);
\draw (2,0) to [R,v=$U_R$] (2,-1) to [L,v=$U_L$] (2,-2);
\draw (3.5,0) to [C,v=$U_C$] (3.5,-2);
%Verkabelung
\draw (0.5,0) to (0.5,1.5) -| (sw.out 1);
\draw (3.5,0) to (3.5,1.5) -| (sw.out 2);
\draw (2,-2) to (2,-2.5) -| (0.5,-1);
\draw (3.5,-2) |- (2,-2.5) node[circ]{};
\draw (4.5,1) [open,v=$U$] to (4.5,-2);
\end{circuitikz}
\hspace{2cm}
\ctikzset{voltage shift = 2}
\begin{circuitikz}
% Switch
\draw (2,0) node[spdt, rotate=90,anchor=in] (sw) {};
\draw (sw.out 2) node[right] {(2)};
\draw (sw.out 1) node[left] {(1)};
%Komponenen
\draw (0.5,0) to [V_=$U$] (0.5,-1);
\draw (2,0) to [R,v=$U_R$] (2,-1) to [L,v=$U_L$] (2,-2);
\draw (3.5,0) to [C,v=$U_C$] (3.5,-2);
%Verkabelung
\draw (0.5,0) to (0.5,1.5) -| (sw.out 1);
\draw (3.5,0) to (3.5,1.5) -| (sw.out 2);
\draw (2,-2) to (2,-2.5) -| (0.5,-1);
\draw (3.5,-2) |- (2,-2.5) node[circ]{};
\draw (4.5,1) [open,v=$U$] to (4.5,-2);
\end{circuitikz}
}
\end{document}
答案1
我检查过了，是的，如果你愿意的话，这是一个缺陷或者一个错误。
电压标签定位的代码非常古老*，带有许多神奇的数字，而且我担心该straightvoltage选项的测试效果不尽如人意。
我尝试了一些简单的更改，但对向后兼容性的影响是无法控制的。因此，我担心，除非有人介入帮助，否则那边的更改将是一项“退休任务”……
解决方法
较新版本：从版本开始1.6.5，不需要进行修补，因为我添加了一个可调参数来解决这个问题；请参阅https://github.com/circuitikz/circuitikz/pull/750---现在你只需使用\ctikzset{voltage shift sources adjust=0.2}
（最高版本1.6.4）：您可以使用以下代码调整电压源的偏移效果，方法是调整0.2修补代码中的（也许我会将其添加到库存代码中，尽管这有点像牛皮纸袋修复）。如您所见，除此之外，还有一些棘手的事情straightvoltages与开放组件有关，我在第三个示例中将其偏移设置为零，从而解决了这些问题。
\documentclass[border=3mm]{standalone}
\usepackage{graphicx} % Required for inserting images
\usepackage[european,straightvoltages]{circuitikz}
%%%% hack: tune the 0.2 here to control the voltage source shift
%%%% the other bug: now the "open component" misbehave, but that's
%%%% another story
\usepackage{etoolbox}
\makeatletter
\patchcmd{\pgf@circ@drawvoltagegenerator}
{\pgfmathsetmacro{\bumpaplus}{\bumpa + 0.5*\shiftv}}
{\pgfmathsetmacro{\bumpaplus}{\bumpa + 0.2*\shiftv}}
{\relax}{\ERROR}
\makeatother
\ctikzset{resistors/scale=0.55}
\ctikzset{inductors/scale=0.55}
\ctikzset{capacitors/scale=0.6}
\ctikzset{sources/scale=.8}
\ctikzset{bipoles/thickness=1}
\ctikzset{tripoles/thickness=1}
\tikzset{every picture/.style = {transform shape, line width=1pt}}
\newcommand{\circuit}[1][]{%
\begin{circuitikz}
% Switch
\draw (2,0) node[spdt, rotate=90,anchor=in] (sw) {};
\draw (sw.out 2) node[right] {(2)};
\draw (sw.out 1) node[left] {(1)};
%Komponenen
\draw (0.5,0) to [V_=$U$] (0.5,-1);
\draw (2,0) to [R,v=$U_R$] (2,-1) to [L,v=$U_L$] (2,-2);
\draw (3.5,0) to [C,v=$U_C$] (3.5,-2);
%Verkabelung
\draw (0.5,0) to (0.5,1.5) -| (sw.out 1);
\draw (3.5,0) to (3.5,1.5) -| (sw.out 2);
\draw (2,-2) to (2,-2.5) -| (0.5,-1);
\draw (3.5,-2) |- (2,-2.5) node[circ]{};
%
\draw (4.5,1) [open,v=$U$,#1] to (4.5,-2);
\end{circuitikz}
}
\begin{document}
\circuit
\quad
\ctikzset{voltage shift = 2}
\circuit
\quad
\circuit[voltage shift=0] % explicitly put to zero voltage shift for open
\end{document}
反正，我的建议是坚持正常的大小和比例，如果你想要一个更小的电路，只需将其缩放即可。我在这里准备了一个小例子来展示效果……
\documentclass{report}
\usepackage[a3paper]{geometry}
\usepackage{graphicx} % Required for inserting images
\usepackage[european,straightvoltages]{circuitikz}
\ctikzset{bipoles/thickness=1}
\ctikzset{tripoles/thickness=1}
\tikzset{every picture/.style = {line width=1pt}}
\newcommand{\circuit}{%
\begin{tikzpicture}
% Switch
\draw (2,0) node[spdt, rotate=90,anchor=in] (sw) {};
\draw (sw.out 2) node[right] {(2)};
\draw (sw.out 1) node[left] {(1)};
%Komponenen
\draw (0.5,0) to [V_=$U$] (0.5,-1);
\draw (2,0) to [R,v=$U_R$] (2,-1) to [L,v=$U_L$] (2,-2);
\draw (3.5,0) to [C,v=$U_C$] (3.5,-2);
%Verkabelung
\draw (0.5,0) to (0.5,1.5) -| (sw.out 1);
\draw (3.5,0) to (3.5,1.5) -| (sw.out 2);
\draw (2,-2) to (2,-2.5) -| (0.5,-1);
\draw (3.5,-2) |- (2,-2.5) node[circ]{};
%
\draw (4.5,1) [open,v=$U$] to (4.5,-2);
\end{tikzpicture}
}
\newcommand{\circuitlarge}[1][]{%
\begin{tikzpicture}[#1]
% Switch
\draw (4,0) node[spdt, rotate=90,anchor=in] (sw) {};
\draw (sw.out 2) node[right] {(2)};
\draw (sw.out 1) node[left] {(1)};
%Komponenen
\draw (1,0) to [V_=$U$] (1,-2);
\draw (4,0) to [R,v=$U_R$] (4,-2) to [L,v=$U_L$] (4,-4);
\draw (7,0) to [C,v=$U_C$] (7,-4);
%Verkabelung
\draw (1,0) to (1,3) -| (sw.out 1);
\draw (7,0) to (7,3) -| (sw.out 2);
\draw (4,-4) to (4,-5) -| (1,-2);
\draw (7,-4) |- (4,-5) node[circ]{};
%
\draw (9,2) [open,v=$U$] to (9,-4);
\end{tikzpicture}
}
\begin{document}
{%
\ctikzset{resistors/scale=0.55}%
\ctikzset{inductors/scale=0.55}%
\ctikzset{capacitors/scale=0.6}%
\ctikzset{sources/scale=.8}%
\circuit
}
\quad
{
\ctikzset{sources/scale=1.2}%
\ctikzset{switches/scale=1.8}%
\LARGE
\circuitlarge[scale=0.55, transform shape]
\ctikzset{voltage shift=1.5}
\circuitlarge[scale=0.55, transform shape]
}
\end{document}
我在 GitHub 项目上打开了一个问题并尝试在未来解决它。实际上，电压的事情应该完全重写（首先，使用edges 作为箭头，这样它们就可以独立于电线进行样式设置，使用更可靠的锚点，等等）。
(*) 是的，是我的。不过已经很旧了。