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使用 TikZ 绘制无重叠的 k 叉树

tag-icon • tag-icon tikz-pgf tikz-trees trees
使用 TikZ 绘制无重叠的 k 叉树

我正在尝试使用 tikz 绘制一棵 k-ary 树。

漂亮的 K² 树

不幸的是，我无法避免节点重叠。我也尝试过设置level/.style={sibling distance=30mm/#1}, growth parent anchor=south并试验这些设置，但到目前为止毫无效果。如果顶部节点位置没有空间（就像原始树一样），那就太好了。

重叠树

这是我使用的代码：

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\begin{document}
\begin{figure}
\begin{tikzpicture}[]
\node{}
  child {node {1}
    child {node {1}
      child {node {1}
        child {node {0}}
        child {node {1}}
        child {node {0}}
        child {node {0}}
      } 
      child {node {1}
        child {node {0}}
        child {node {0}}
        child {node {1}}
        child {node {1}}
      }
      child {node {0}}
      child {node {0}}
    }
    child {node {1}
      child {node {1}
        child {node {0}}
        child {node {0}}
        child {node {1}}
        child {node {0}}
      }
      child {node {0}}
      child {node {0}}
      child {node {0}}
    }
    child {node {0}}
    child {node {1}
      child {node {0}}
      child {node {0}}
      child {node {0}}
      child {node {1}
        child {node {0}}
        child {node {0}}
        child {node {1}}
        child {node {0}}
      }
    }
  }
  child {node {0}}
  child {node {1}
    child {node {0}}
    child {node {1}
        child {node {0}}
        child {node {1}
          child {node {1}}
          child {node {0}}
          child {node {1}}
          child {node {0}}
        }
        child {node {0}}
        child {node {1}
          child {node {1}}
          child {node {0}}
          child {node {0}}
          child {node {0}}
        }
    }
    child {node {0}}
    child {node {0}}
  }
  child {node {1}
    child {node {1}
        child {node {1}
          child {node {0}}
          child {node {1}}
          child {node {1}}
          child {node {0}}
        }
        child {node {1}
          child {node {0}}
          child {node {1}}
          child {node {0}}
          child {node {0}}
        }
        child {node {1}
          child {node {0}}
          child {node {1}}
          child {node {0}}
          child {node {0}}
        }
        child {node {0}}
    }
    child {node {0}}
    child {node {0}}
    child {node {0}} 
  };
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{figure}
\end{document}

答案1

使用forest。它会自动间隔节点以使树尽可能紧凑，并且语法更简单。根据您的需要，您还可以通过编程生成树。

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[margin=1in]{geometry}
\usepackage[linguistics]{forest}
\begin{document}
\begin{forest}for tree={inner sep=0pt,outer sep=0pt}
  [1
    [1
      [1
        [0]
        [1]
        [0]
        [0]
      ] 
      [1
        [0]
        [0]
        [1]
        [1]
      ]
      [0]
      [0]
    ]
    [1
      [1
        [0]
        [0]
        [1]
        [0]
      ]
      [0]
      [0]
      [0]
    ]
    [0]
    [1
      [0]
      [0]
      [0]
      [1
        [0]
        [0]
        [1]
        [0]
      ]
    ]
  [0]
  [1
    [0]
    [1
        [0]
        [1
          [1]
          [0]
          [1]
          [0]
        ]
        [0]
        [1
          [1]
          [0]
          [0]
          [0]
        ]
    ]
    [0]
    [0]
  ]
  [1
    [1
        [1
          [0]
          [1]
          [1]
          [0]
        ]
        [1
          [0]
          [1]
          [0]
          [0]
        ]
        [1
          [0]
          [1]
          [0]
          [0]
        ]
        [0]
    ]
    [0]
    [0]
    [0]
 ]
]
\end{forest}

\end{document}

代码输出

答案2

看来这forest确实是适合这项工作的工具。显然，要使用 TikZ 按照你的意愿做到这一点，你需要使用库的算法graphdrawing，这需要 LuaLaTeX（有关 GraphDrawing 引擎，请参阅第 26 节，有关可自定义的树键，请参阅第 21 节）TikZ 手册)：

\documentclass[border=5mm,tikz]{standalone}
\usetikzlibrary{graphdrawing}
\usegdlibrary{trees}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[tree layout, level 4/.style={sibling distance=0.01em}]
\node{}
  child {node {1}
    child {node {1}
      child {node {1}
        child {node {0}}
        child {node {1}}
        child {node {0}}
        child {node {0}}
      } 
      child {node {1}
        child {node {0}}
        child {node {0}}
        child {node {1}}
        child {node {1}}
      }
      child {node {0}}
      child {node {0}}
    }
    child {node {1}
      child {node {1}
        child {node {0}}
        child {node {0}}
        child {node {1}}
        child {node {0}}
      }
      child {node {0}}
      child {node {0}}
      child {node {0}}
    }
    child {node {0}}
    child {node {1}
      child {node {0}}
      child {node {0}}
      child {node {0}}
      child {node {1}
        child {node {0}}
        child {node {0}}
        child {node {1}}
        child {node {0}}
      }
    }
  }
  child {node {0}}
  child {node {1}
    child {node {0}}
    child {node {1}
        child {node {0}}
        child {node {1}
          child {node {1}}
          child {node {0}}
          child {node {1}}
          child {node {0}}
        }
        child {node {0}}
        child {node {1}
          child {node {1}}
          child {node {0}}
          child {node {0}}
          child {node {0}}
        }
    }
    child {node {0}}
    child {node {0}}
  }
  child {node {1}
    child {node {1}
        child {node {1}
          child {node {0}}
          child {node {1}}
          child {node {1}}
          child {node {0}}
        }
        child {node {1}
          child {node {0}}
          child {node {1}}
          child {node {0}}
          child {node {0}}
        }
        child {node {1}
          child {node {0}}
          child {node {1}}
          child {node {0}}
          child {node {0}}
        }
        child {node {0}}
    }
    child {node {0}}
    child {node {0}}
    child {node {0}} 
  };
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

在此处输入图片描述

请注意第二级的第二个数字（0），它不在它应该在的位置，我不知道为什么，并尝试了很多键来将它定位得更好，但都没有成功，因为我不知道幕后发生了什么......

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