我在矩阵中有一些节点代表基本粒子。一些节点代表粒子，这些节点下面的节点代表粒子的特征（例如电荷）。在具有特征的节点处有表格环境，用于对齐特征的名称和编号。当我希望这些表格环境左对齐时，它们会在节点中居中。
比较伽马方块的文本和 Z 方块的文本，可以看出特征文本定位的差异。如何更改代码，使所有方块的表格环境都以类似的方式对齐（即“质量”等的左边缘与方块边缘保持恒定距离）？
\documentclass[a4paper]{article}
\usepackage[english]{babel}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage[ansinew]{inputenc}
\usepackage{lmodern}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{amsthm}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage{verbatim}
\usepackage[active,tightpage]{preview}
\usepackage{siunitx}
\PreviewEnvironment{tikzpicture}
\setlength\PreviewBorder{5pt}
\usetikzlibrary{fit}
\usetikzlibrary{backgrounds}
\begin{document}
\tikzstyle{particleblue}=[
rectangle,
thick,
draw=black,
fill=blue!20,
minimum size=80pt
]
\tikzstyle{particlegreen}=[
rectangle,
thick,
draw=black,
fill=green!20,
minimum size=80pt
]
\tikzstyle{particlered}=[
rectangle,
thick,
draw=black,
fill=red!20,
minimum size=80pt
]
\tikzstyle{particleyellow}=[
rectangle,
thick,
draw=black,
fill=yellow!40,
minimum size=80pt
]
\tikzstyle{backgroundblue}=[
rectangle,
fill=blue!10,
inner sep=0.2cm
]
\tikzstyle{backgroundgreen}=[
rectangle,
fill=green!10,
inner sep=0.2cm
]
\tikzstyle{backgroundred}=[
rectangle,
fill=red!10,
inner sep=0.2cm
]
\tikzstyle{backgroundyellow}=[
rectangle,
fill=yellow!40,
inner sep=0.2cm
]
\newcommand\particleblue[5]{% {label}{name}{mass}{charge}{spin}
\node (#1) [particleblue]{
\Huge${\boldsymbol{#2}}$};
\node[below=11pt]{%
\tiny
\begin{tabular}{ll}
Mass:&${#3}$\\
Charge:&${#4}$\\
Spin:&${#5}$
\end{tabular}
};
}
\newcommand\particlegreen[5]{% {label}{name}{mass}{charge}{spin}
\node (#1) [particlegreen]{
\Huge${\boldsymbol{#2}}$};
\node[below=11pt]{%
\tiny
\begin{tabular}{ll}
Mass:&${#3}$\\
Charge:&${#4}$\\
Spin:&${#5}$
\end{tabular}
};
}
\newcommand\particlered[5]{% {label}{name}{mass}{charge}{spin}
\node (#1) [particlered]{
\Huge${\boldsymbol{#2}}$};
\node[below=11pt]{%
\tiny
\begin{tabular}{ll}
Mass:&${#3}$\\
Charge:&${#4}$\\
Spin:&${#5}$
\end{tabular}
};
}
\newcommand\particleyellow[5]{% {label}{name}{mass}{charge}{spin}
\node (#1) [particleyellow]{
\Huge${\boldsymbol{#2}}$};
\node[below=11pt]{%
\tiny
\begin{tabular}{ll}
Mass:&${#3}$\\
Charge:&${#4}$\\
Spin:&${#5}$
\end{tabular}
};
}
\begin{tikzpicture}[>=latex,text depth=0.00ex]
% elements in a matrix
\matrix[row sep=0.5cm,column sep=0.5cm, nodes={align=left}]{
\particleblue{u}{u}{2.3\,\si{MeV/c^2}}{2/3}{1/2}&
\particleblue{c}{c}{1.275\,\si{GeV/c^2}}{2/3}{1/2}&
\particleblue{t}{t}{173.07\,\si{GeV/c^2}}{2/3}{1/2}&
\particlered{g}{g}{0}{0}{1}&
\particlegreen{H}{H}{126\,\si{GeV/c^2}}{0}{0}&
\\
\particleblue{d}{d}{4.8\,\si{MeV/c^2}}{-1/3}{1/2}&
\particleblue{s}{s}{95\,\si{MeV/c^2}}{-1/3}{1/2}&
\particleblue{b}{b}{4.18\,\si{GeV/c^2}}{-1/3}{1/2}&
\particlered{gamma}{\gamma}{0}{0}{1}&
\\
\particleyellow{e}{e}{0.511\,\si{MeV/c^2}}{-1}{1/2}&
\particleyellow{mu}{\mu}{105.7\,\si{MeV/c^2}}{-1}{1/2}&
\particleyellow{tau}{\tau}{1.777\,\si{GeV/c^2}}{-1}{1/2}&
\particlered{Z}{Z}{91.2\,\si{GeV/c^2}}{0}{1}&
\\
\particleyellow{nu_e}{\nu_{e}}{<2.2\,\si{eV/c^2}}{0}{1/2}&
\particleyellow{nu_mu}{\nu_{\mu}}{0.17\,\si{MeV/c^2}}{0}{1/2}&
\particleyellow{nu_tau}{\nu_{\tau}}{15.5\,\si{MeV/c^2}}{0}{1/2}&
\particlered{W}{W}{80.4\,\si{GeV/c^2}}{\pm{1}}{1}&
\\
};
% background rectanges
\begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
\node [
backgroundblue,
fit=(u) (b)
]{};
\node [
backgroundyellow,
fit=(e) (nu_tau)
]{};
\node [
backgroundred,
fit=(g) (W)
]{};
\node [
backgroundgreen,
fit=(H)
]{};
\end{pgfonlayer}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
答案1
一种完全不同的图像设计方法：
\documentclass[a4paper]{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{backgrounds,fit,positioning}
\usepackage[active,tightpage]{preview}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{siunitx}
\usepackage{tabularx}
\PreviewEnvironment{tikzpicture}
\setlength\PreviewBorder{5pt}
\newcommand\ppbb{path picture bounding box}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[
node distance = 4mm and 6mm,
particle/.style args = {#1/#2/#3/#4/#5}{
rectangle, draw, thick, fill=#2,
text width=80pt, minimum height=80pt,
font=\Large\itshape\bfseries, align=center,
node contents={#1\\ \mbox{}},
path picture={
\node [%
inner sep=4pt, outer sep=0pt,
text width=80pt, minimum height=20pt, align=center,
font=\scriptsize,
above=0pt of \ppbb.south]
{\begin{tabularx}{\hsize}{@{}Xl@{}}
Mass: & #3 \\
Charge: & $#4$ \\
Spin: & $#5$
\end{tabularx}
};%end of node contents
}% end of path picture
}% end particle style
]
\node (p12) [particle=d/blue!20/\SI{2.3}{MeV/c^2}/{2/3}/{1/2}];
\node (p22) [particle=s/blue!20/\SI{95}{MeV/c^2}/{2/3}/{1/2},
right=of p12];
\node (p32) [particle=b/blue!20/\SI{4.18}{MeV/c^2}/{-1/3}/{1/2},
right=of p22] {};
\node (p42) [particle=$\boldsymbol{\gamma}$/red!20/ / / ,
right=of p32];
%
\begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
\node [fill=blue!10, fit=(p12) (p32)]{};
\node [fill= red!10, fit=(p42)]{};
\end{pgfonlayer}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
通过使用 可以解决您的问题tabularx。正如您所注意到的，节点的设计完全不同。此节点可以轻松集成到您的\newcommand定义中，然后像您在解决方案中所做的那样在矩阵中使用。否则，可以按照上述 MWE 中提出的方式放置节点或将其连接成链。
在 MWE 中，我只考虑图像的第二行。
答案2
@{}p{17pt}p{43pt}@{}尝试使用粒子的表格环境规范，例如：
\newcommand\particleblue[5]{% {label}{name}{mass}{charge}{spin}
\node (#1) [particleblue]{
\Huge${\boldsymbol{#2}}$};
\node[below=11pt]{%
\tiny
\begin{tabular}{@{}p{17pt}p{43pt}@{}}
Mass:&${#3}$\\
Charge:&${#4}$\\
Spin:&${#5}$
\end{tabular}
};
}
