使用 beamer 绘制图表中的箭头

Question

我怎样才能用 LaTeX 制作这个beamer（我对箭头有问题）？

我只有这个

\documentclass{beamer}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{positioning,arrows}
\begin{document}
\begin{frame}
\begin{tikzpicture}[ node distance = 8.1 mm and 6 mm, > = stealth', every node/.style = {circle, draw=pink!30!black, fill=pink!30, minimum size=8mm} ]
\node (b) {\tiny A};
\node (a) [below right=of b] {{\tiny C}};
\node (c) [above right=of a] {{\tiny B}};
\node (d) [below right=of c] {{\tiny D}}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{frame}
\end{document}

Answer 1

借助图书馆的两个版本automata：

\documentclass{beamer}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows.meta, automata, positioning, quotes}

\begin{document}
    \centering
\begin{tikzpicture}[
    shorten < =  1mm, shorten > = 1mm,
node distance = 33mm, on grid, auto,
every path/.style = {bend left, -Latex}
                    ]
\node[state] (A) {A};
\node[state] (B) [right=of A] {B};
\node[state] (C) [below=of A] {C};
\node[state] (D) [right=of C] {D};
%
\path[->]   (A) edge ["e"] (B)
            (B) edge        (D)
            (D) edge        (C)
            (C) edge ["h"] (A)
%
            (A) edge        (C)
            (C) edge        (D)
            (D) edge ["g"] (B)
            (B) edge ["f"] (A);
\end{tikzpicture}

\begin{tikzpicture}[
    shorten < =  1mm, shorten > = 1mm,
node distance = 33mm, on grid, auto,
every path/.style = {-Latex},
sx+/.style = {xshift=1 mm},
sy+/.style = {yshift=1 mm},
sx-/.style = {xshift=-1 mm},
sy-/.style = {yshift=-1 mm},
                    ]
\node[state] (A) {A};
\node[state] (B) [right=of A] {B};
\node[state] (C) [below=of A] {C};
\node[state] (D) [right=of C] {D};
%
\path[->]   ([sy+] A.east)  edge ["e"] ([sy+] B.west)
            ([sx+] B.south) edge       ([sx+] D.north)
            ([sy-] D.west)  edge       ([sy-] C.east)
            ([sx-] C.north) edge ["h"] ([sx-] A.south)
%
            ([sx+] A.south)  edge       ([sx+] C.north)
            ([sy+] C.east)   edge       ([sy+] D.west)
            ([sx-] D.north) edge ["g"]  ([sx-] B.south)
            ([sy-] B.west)  edge ["f"]  ([sy-] A.east);

\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

编辑： 在第二张图片中添加了更漂亮的箭头位置

附录： 该版本不遵循所讨论的图像，而是遵循代码：

\documentclass{beamer}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows.meta, automata, calc, positioning, quotes}
\begin{document}
    \centering
\begin{tikzpicture}[
    shorten < =  1mm, shorten > = 1mm,
node distance = 22mm, on grid, auto,
every path/.style = {-Latex},
state/.append style = {draw=pink!30!black, fill=pink!30, minimum size=8mm},
sx+/.style = {xshift=1 mm},
sy+/.style = {yshift=1 mm},
sx-/.style = {xshift=-1 mm},
sy-/.style = {yshift=-1 mm},
                    ]
\node[state] (A) {A};
\node[state] (B) [right=of A] {B};
\node[state] (C) [below right=of A] {C};
\node[state] (D) [right=of C] {D};
%
\path[->]   ([sy+] A.east)  edge ["e"] ([sy+] B.west)
            ([sx+] B.south east) edge       ([sx+] D.north west)
            ([sy-] D.west)  edge       ([sy-] C.east)
            ([sx-] C.north west) edge ["h"] ([sx-] A.south east)
%
            ([sx+] A.south east)  edge       ([sx+] C.north west)
            ([sy+] C.east)   edge       ([sy+] D.west)
            ([sx-] D.north west) edge ["g"]  ([sx-] B.south east)
            ([sy-] B.west)  edge ["f"]  ([sy-] A.east);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

Answer 2

像这样吗？

\documentclass{beamer}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{quotes,positioning,arrows}

\begin{document}
    \newcommand*{\arrowsep}{0.2cm}
    \begin{tikzpicture}[my arrow/.style={-latex, shorten >=2pt, shorten <=2pt},
                        shift left/.style={transform canvas={xshift = -\arrowsep/2}},
                        shift right/.style={transform canvas={xshift = \arrowsep/2}},
                        shift up/.style={transform canvas={yshift = \arrowsep/2}},
                        shift down/.style={transform canvas={yshift = -\arrowsep/2}},
                        node distance = 8.1 mm and 6 mm, > = stealth', my node/.style = {circle, draw=pink!30!black, fill=pink!30, minimum size=8mm}]
        \node[my node] (A) {\tiny A};
        \node[my node] (C) [below right=of A] {{\tiny C}};
        \node[my node] (B) [above right=of C] {{\tiny B}};
        \node[my node] (D) [below right=of B] {{\tiny D}};
        \draw (A) edge[my arrow, shift up,"e"]   (B) edge[my arrow, shift right] (C)
        (B) edge[my arrow, shift down,"f"] (A) edge[my arrow, shift left]  (D)
        (D) edge[my arrow, shift down] (C) edge[my arrow, shift right,"g",auto=right] (B)
        (C) edge[my arrow, shift up]   (D) edge[my arrow, shift left,"h"] (A);
    \end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

注意，transform canvas对于移位edges，正常移位在这种情况下不起作用：参见TikZ：xshift 没有移位

定义一个命令来保存样式、和的\arrowsep值。shift updownleftright

键shorten >=<dim>和shorten <=<dim>通过缩短路径的第一位和最后一位<dim>，使箭头与节点保持距离。