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tikz - 迷你页面内的标签

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tikz - 迷你页面内的标签

我是 tizk 新手。我有以下代码：

\begin{minipage}[c]{0.5\textwidth}

\begin{tikzpicture}

\begin{pgfonlayer}{foreground}
%links from central node
\draw[line width=1pt, color=cyan] (5,-5) to (7,-5);
\draw[line width=1pt, color=cyan] (5,-5) to (5,-3);
\draw[line width=1pt, color=cyan] (5,-5) to (5,-7);
\draw[line width=1pt, color=cyan] (5,-5) to (3,-5);
\draw[line width=1pt, color=cyan] (5,-5) to (3,-1);
\draw[line width=1pt, color=cyan] (5,-5) to (0,-1);

%some other links
\draw[line width=1pt, color=cyan] (5,-3) to (0,-1);
\draw[line width=1pt, color=cyan] (5,-3) to (3,-1);
\draw[line width=1pt, color=cyan] (0,-1) to (3,-5);
\draw[line width=1pt, color=cyan] (5,-7) to (3,-5);

%nodes
\draw[color=red, fill=red] (5, -5) circle (0.5);
\draw[color=cyan, fill=cyan] (7, -5) circle (0.3);
\draw[color=cyan, fill=cyan] (0, -1) circle (0.3);
\draw[color=cyan, fill=cyan] (5, -3) circle (0.3);
\draw[color=cyan, fill=cyan] (3, -1) circle (0.3);
\draw[color=cyan, fill=cyan] (3, -5) circle (0.3);
\draw[color=cyan, fill=cyan] (5, -7) circle (0.3);
\end{pgfonlayer}


\begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
\draw[fill=black, rounded corners] (-1, 0) rectangle (8, -8);
\end{pgfonlayer}

\end{tikzpicture} 


\end{minipage}

%right side
\begin{minipage}[c]{0.5\textwidth}

\begin{tikzpicture}

\begin{pgfonlayer}{foreground}
%links from central node
\draw[line width=1pt, color=cyan] (5,-5) to (7,-5);

%some other links
\draw[line width=1pt, color=cyan] (5,-3) to (0,-1);
\draw[line width=1pt, color=cyan] (5,-3) to (3,-1);
\draw[line width=1pt, color=cyan] (0,-1) to (3,-5);
\draw[line width=1pt, color=cyan] (3,-5) to (5,-7);
\draw[line width=1pt, color=cyan] (5,-7) to (3,-1);
\draw[line width=1pt, color=cyan] (3,-1) to (0,-1);
\draw[line width=1pt, color=cyan] (7,-5) to (5,-3);

%nodes
\draw[color=red, fill=red] (5, -5) circle (0.5);
\draw[color=cyan, fill=cyan] (7, -5) circle (0.3);
\draw[color=cyan, fill=cyan] (0, -1) circle (0.3);
\draw[color=cyan, fill=cyan] (5, -3) circle (0.3);
\draw[color=cyan, fill=cyan] (3, -1) circle (0.3);
\draw[color=cyan, fill=cyan] (3, -5) circle (0.3);
\draw[color=cyan, fill=cyan] (5, -7) circle (0.3);
\end{pgfonlayer}

%background
\begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
\draw[fill=black, rounded corners] (-1, 0) rectangle (8, -8);
\end{pgfonlayer}

\end{tikzpicture} 


\end{minipage}

输出结果如下：

首先，我不明白为什么一个图形在另一个图形下面。这是为什么？我以为{0.5\textwidth}它们可以并排。

其次，我想给每张 tikzpicture 加上标签和标题。我发现这个答案但它在 minipage 中不起作用。有人知道其他方法吗？

答案1

您的代码中存在更多问题：

  • 你没有提供代码的序言：从你的代码中重建它是不合适的
  • 你的图片太大了，两张图不能放在一行，而且不能重叠
  • 离题：你的代码太复杂了

如果不缩放图像尺寸，您的代码将生成：

在此处输入图片描述

并进行缩放0.8

在此处输入图片描述

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[showframe]{geometry}
\usepackage{caption}
\usepackage{subcaption}

\usepackage{tikz}
\pgfdeclarelayer{background}
\pgfdeclarelayer{foreground}
   \pgfsetlayers{background,%
                 main,%
                 foreground%
                 }

\begin{document}
    \begin{figure}
\begin{subfigure}{0.45\textwidth}
    \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.8]
\begin{pgfonlayer}{foreground}
%links from central node
\draw[line width=1pt, color=cyan] (5,-5) to (7,-5);
\draw[line width=1pt, color=cyan] (5,-5) to (5,-3);
\draw[line width=1pt, color=cyan] (5,-5) to (5,-7);
\draw[line width=1pt, color=cyan] (5,-5) to (3,-5);
\draw[line width=1pt, color=cyan] (5,-5) to (3,-1);
\draw[line width=1pt, color=cyan] (5,-5) to (0,-1);
%some other links
\draw[line width=1pt, color=cyan] (5,-3) to (0,-1);
\draw[line width=1pt, color=cyan] (5,-3) to (3,-1);
\draw[line width=1pt, color=cyan] (0,-1) to (3,-5);
\draw[line width=1pt, color=cyan] (5,-7) to (3,-5);
%nodes
\draw[color=red, fill=red] (5, -5) circle (0.5);
\draw[color=cyan, fill=cyan] (7, -5) circle (0.3);
\draw[color=cyan, fill=cyan] (0, -1) circle (0.3);
\draw[color=cyan, fill=cyan] (5, -3) circle (0.3);
\draw[color=cyan, fill=cyan] (3, -1) circle (0.3);
\draw[color=cyan, fill=cyan] (3, -5) circle (0.3);
\draw[color=cyan, fill=cyan] (5, -7) circle (0.3);
\end{pgfonlayer}
\begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
\draw[fill=black, rounded corners] (-1, 0) rectangle (8, -8);
\end{pgfonlayer}
    \end{tikzpicture}
\caption{left figure}
    \end{subfigure}
\hfill
\begin{subfigure}{0.45\textwidth}
    \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.8]
\begin{pgfonlayer}{foreground}
%links from central node
\draw[line width=1pt, color=cyan] (5,-5) to (7,-5);
%some other links
\draw[line width=1pt, color=cyan] (5,-3) to (0,-1);
\draw[line width=1pt, color=cyan] (5,-3) to (3,-1);
\draw[line width=1pt, color=cyan] (0,-1) to (3,-5);
\draw[line width=1pt, color=cyan] (3,-5) to (5,-7);
\draw[line width=1pt, color=cyan] (5,-7) to (3,-1);
\draw[line width=1pt, color=cyan] (3,-1) to (0,-1);
\draw[line width=1pt, color=cyan] (7,-5) to (5,-3);
%nodes
\draw[color=red, fill=red] (5, -5) circle (0.5);
\draw[color=cyan, fill=cyan] (7, -5) circle (0.3);
\draw[color=cyan, fill=cyan] (0, -1) circle (0.3);
\draw[color=cyan, fill=cyan] (5, -3) circle (0.3);
\draw[color=cyan, fill=cyan] (3, -1) circle (0.3);
\draw[color=cyan, fill=cyan] (3, -5) circle (0.3);
\draw[color=cyan, fill=cyan] (5, -7) circle (0.3);
\end{pgfonlayer}
%background
\begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
\draw[fill=black, rounded corners] (-1, 0) rectangle (8, -8);
\end{pgfonlayer}
    \end{tikzpicture}
\caption{right figure}
    \end{subfigure}
\caption{My figures}
    \label{fig:myfigure}
    \end{figure}
\end{document}

附录 偏离主题您的代码可以明显更短...看看以下解决方案是否对您有用：

  • 节点中的线针对两个图像确定\tikzset
  • 圆圈被绘制为节点
  • 确定的是节点和线的默认样式
  • 黑色背景被绘制为所有其他节点的节点

您的代码将变成：

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{geometry}
\usepackage{caption}
\usepackage{subcaption}

\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{backgrounds, fit, scopes}

\begin{document}
    \begin{figure}[htb]
\tikzset{    
C/.style args = {#1/#2}{shape=circle,
                        fill=#1, minimum size=#2},% C as circle ...
L/.style      = {line width=1pt, color=#1},% L as line
C/.default = cyan/5mm,
L/.default = cyan
        }
\begin{subfigure}{0.45\textwidth}
    \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.8]
% nodes
\node (n1) [C=red/8mm] at (5, -5) {};
\node (n2) [C] at (7, -5) {};
\node (n3) [C] at (0, -1) {};
\node (n4) [C] at (5, -3) {};
\node (n5) [C] at (3, -1) {};
\node (n6) [C] at (5, -7) {};
\node (n7) [C] at (3, -5) {};
% links from central node
\draw[L]    (n1) -- (n2)    (n1) -- (n4)    (n1) -- (n6)
            (n1) -- (n7)    (n1) -- (n5)    (n1) -- (n3)
% other links
            (n4) -- (n3)    (n4) -- (n5)    (n3) -- (n7)
            (n6) -- (n7);
% background
\scoped[on background layer]
    \node[fill=black, rounded corners, inner sep=3mm,
          fit= (n2) (n3) (n6)] {};
    \end{tikzpicture}
\caption{left figure}
    \end{subfigure}%
\hfill
\begin{subfigure}{0.45\textwidth}
    \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.8]
% nodes
\node (n1) [C=red/8mm] at (5, -5) {};
\node (n2) [C] at (7, -5) {};
\node (n3) [C] at (0, -1) {};
\node (n4) [C] at (5, -3) {};
\node (n5) [C] at (3, -1) {};
\node (n6) [C] at (3, -5) {};
\node (n7) [C] at (5, -7) {};
% links from central node
\draw[L]    (n1) -- (n2)
% some other links
            (n4) -- (n3)    (n4) -- (n2)    (n3) -- (n6) 
            (n6) -- (n7)    (n7) -- (n5)    (n5) -- (n3);
            (n2) -- (n4);
% background
\scoped[on background layer]
    \node[fill=black, rounded corners, inner sep=3mm,
          fit= (n2) (n3) (n7)] {};
    \end{tikzpicture}
\caption{right figure}
    \end{subfigure}
\caption{My figures}
    \label{fig:myfigure}
    \end{figure}
\end{document}

在此处输入图片描述

答案2

一半的问题已经在评论中得到回答，即：%在小页面之间使用，以避免小页面之间出现行和段落中断。

要获取子标题，请使用subcaption包。它同时提供\subcaption{}命令和subfigure环境。在 subfigure 环境中，您可以使用普通的\captioncmd，它的行为类似于\subcaption，而在 minipages 中，请使用\subcaption。

关于 Ti钾对于新手部分，我建议阅读前几节“给卡尔的一幅画”和其他部分，它们既有趣又有教育意义。我在绘图方面做了一些改进，使用样式和节点使其更加灵活。

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz,subcaption}
\usetikzlibrary{backgrounds}
\usepackage[margin=0.5cm]{geometry}
\begin{document}
\vspace*{1cm}
Using the referencing mechanism: Subfigure \ref{asubfig}, Subfigure \ref{anothersubfig} and  Figure \ref{thewholefig}
  \begin{figure}[h]
  \centering
  \begin{minipage}[c]{0.5\textwidth}
    \begin{tikzpicture}[links/.style={cyan, minimum size=0.6cm, circle, inner sep=0pt, fill, draw},
                        special/.style={red, minimum size=1cm, circle, inner sep=0pt, draw, fill}]

      %nodes
      \node[special] at (5, -5) (sp) {};
      \begin{scope}[every node/.style={links}]
        \node at (7, -5) (a) {};
        \node at (0, -1) (b) {};
        \node at (5, -3) (c) {};
        \node at (3, -1) (d) {};
        \node at (3, -5) (e) {};
        \node at (5, -7) (f) {};
      \end{scope}
      \foreach \i in {a,...,f} \draw[cyan, line width=1pt] (sp) -- (\i) node[black]{\i};
      \draw[cyan, line width=1pt] (f) -- (e) -- (b) -- (c) -- (d);

      \begin{scope}[on background layer]
        \fill[black, rounded corners] (-1, 0) rectangle (8, -8);
      \end{scope}
    \end{tikzpicture}
      \subcaption{A subfigure\label{asubfig}}
  \end{minipage}%
  %
  \begin{minipage}[c]{0.5\textwidth}
    \begin{tikzpicture}[links/.style={cyan, minimum size=0.6cm, circle, inner sep=0pt, fill, draw},
                        special/.style={red, minimum size=1cm, circle, inner sep=0pt, draw, fill}]
      %nodes
      \node[special] at (5, -5) (sp) {};
      \begin{scope}[every node/.style={links}]
        \node at (7, -5) (a) {};
        \node at (0, -1) (b) {};
        \node at (5, -3) (c) {};
        \node at (3, -1) (d) {};
        \node at (3, -5) (e) {};
        \node at (5, -7) (f) {};
      \end{scope}
      \draw[cyan, line width=1pt] (d) -- (f) -- (e) -- (b) -- (d) -- (c) -- (a) -- (sp) (c) -- (b);
      \begin{scope}[on background layer]
        \fill[black, rounded corners] (-1, 0) rectangle (8, -8);
      \end{scope}
    \end{tikzpicture}  
    \subcaption{Another subfigure\label{anothersubfig}}
  \end{minipage}
  \caption{The whole figure\label{thewholefig}}
\end{figure}
\end{document}

在此处输入图片描述

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