如何绘制楼梯图

Question

如何绘制下图。

Answer 1

以下是你可能在元帖子使用luamplib界面。对于这种等距假 3D 来说，它几乎是可用的，但你应该尝试渐近线适合严肃的 TeX 友好型 3D 工作。或者你可以遵循一些优秀的 Tikz 示例这里。

\RequirePackage{luatex85}
\documentclass[border=5mm]{standalone}
\usepackage{luamplib}
\begin{document}
\mplibtextextlabel{enable}
\begin{mplibcode}
beginfig(1);

    numeric r, t;
    r = 7/16;
    u = 1cm;

    path ff, tt, ss;
    ff = unitsquare scaled u;
    tt = ff slanted r yscaled r;
    ss = tt reflectedabout (left,right) rotated 90;

    picture front, top, side;
    front = image( fill ff withcolor .8 [blue,white]; draw ff );
    top   = image( fill tt withcolor .95 [blue,white]; draw tt );
    side  = image( fill ss withcolor .65 [blue,white]; draw ss );

    vardef punto(expr x, y, z) = (x*u+r*z*u, y*u+r*z*u) enddef;

    draw front shifted punto ( 1, 1, 3); 
    draw front shifted punto ( 0, 1, 3); 
    draw front shifted punto ( 1, 0, 3); 

    draw top   shifted punto ( 0, 1, 2);
    draw side  shifted punto ( 0, 1, 2);
    draw top   shifted punto ( 1, 0, 2);
    draw side  shifted punto ( 1, 0, 2);

    draw front shifted punto ( 1,-1, 2);
    draw front shifted punto (-1, 1, 2);

    draw side  shifted punto (-1, 1, 1);
    draw top   shifted punto (-1, 1, 1);
    draw top   shifted punto ( 0, 1, 1);
    draw side  shifted punto ( 1, 0, 1);
    draw side  shifted punto ( 1,-1, 1);
    draw top   shifted punto ( 1,-1, 1);

    draw front shifted punto (-1, 0, 1);
    draw front shifted punto ( 0, 0, 1);
    draw front shifted punto ( 0,-1, 1);

    draw side  shifted punto (-1, 1, 0);
    draw side  shifted punto (-1, 0, 0);
    draw top   shifted punto (-1, 0, 0);
    draw side  shifted punto ( 0,-1, 0);
    draw top   shifted punto ( 0,-1, 0);
    draw top   shifted punto ( 1,-1, 0);

    draw punto ( 2, 2, 4) -- punto (-2, 2, 4) 
      -- punto (-2, 2, 0) -- punto (-2, -2, 0) 
      -- punto ( 2,-2, 0) -- punto ( 2, -2, 4)
      -- cycle ; 

    draw punto (2,-2,0) -- punto (2,-1,0);
    draw punto (2,2,3) -- punto (2,2,4);
    draw punto (-2,2,0) -- punto (-1,2,0);

endfig;
\end{mplibcode}
\end{document}

Answer 2

您可以利用tikz-3dplot它绘制 3D 图表。以下代码生成以下输出。

    \documentclass[border={10pt}]{standalone}
\usepackage{xcolor}
\usepackage{tikz}  
\usepackage{tikz-3dplot} 

\tdplotsetmaincoords{60}{125}
\tdplotsetrotatedcoords{0}{0}{0} %<- rotate around (z,y,z)
\begin{document}

\begin{tikzpicture}
[tdplot_rotated_coords,
       plane/.style={thick, fill=white!90}, 
        grid/.style={very thick,black},
        boxA/.style={thin,fill=gray!90},
        boxB/.style={thin,fill=gray!20},
 sphereWhite/.style={ball color = white},
 sphereBlack/.style={ball color = black}]

\draw[plane] 
(0,0,4) -- (4,0,4) -- (4,1,4) -- (2,1,4) -- 
(2,2,4) -- (1,2,4) -- (1,4,4) -- (0,4,4) -- cycle;
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\draw[plane] 
(4,0,0) -- (4,0,4) -- (4,1,4) -- (4,1,2) -- 
(4,2,2) -- (4,2,1) -- (4,4,1) -- (4,4,0) -- cycle;
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\draw[plane] 
(0,4,0) -- (4,4,0) -- (4,4,1) -- (2,4,1) -- 
(2,4,2) -- (1,4,2) -- (1,4,4) -- (0,4,4) -- cycle;

\draw[boxA] (2,1,4) -- (3,1,4) -- (3,1,3) -- (2,1,3) -- cycle;
\draw[boxA] (3,1,4) -- (4,1,4) -- (4,1,3) -- (3,1,3) -- cycle;
\draw[boxA] (3,1,3) -- (4,1,3) -- (4,1,2) -- (3,1,2) -- cycle;
\draw[boxA] (3,2,2) -- (4,2,2) -- (4,2,1) -- (3,2,1) -- cycle;
\draw[boxA] (1,2,4) -- (2,2,4) -- (2,2,3) -- (1,2,3) -- cycle;
\draw[boxA] (1,3,3) -- (2,3,3) -- (2,3,2) -- (1,3,2) -- cycle;
\draw[boxA] (2,3,3) -- (3,3,3) -- (3,3,2) -- (2,3,2) -- cycle;
\draw[boxA] (2,3,2) -- (3,3,2) -- (3,3,1) -- (2,3,1) -- cycle;
\draw[boxB] (1,2,4) -- (1,3,4) -- (1,3,3) -- (1,2,3) -- cycle;
\draw[boxB] (1,3,4) -- (1,4,4) -- (1,4,3) -- (1,3,3) -- cycle;
\draw[boxB] (1,3,3) -- (1,4,3) -- (1,4,2) -- (1,3,2) -- cycle;
\draw[boxB] (2,3,2) -- (2,4,2) -- (2,4,1) -- (2,3,1) -- cycle;
\draw[boxB] (2,1,4) -- (2,2,4) -- (2,2,3) -- (2,1,3) -- cycle;
\draw[boxB] (3,1,3) -- (3,2,3) -- (3,2,2) -- (3,1,2) -- cycle;
\draw[boxB] (3,2,3) -- (3,3,3) -- (3,3,2) -- (3,2,2) -- cycle;
\draw[boxB] (3,2,2) -- (3,3,2) -- (3,3,1) -- (3,2,1) -- cycle;
\draw[boxB] (3,3,1) -- (4,3,1) -- (4,4,1) -- (3,4,1) -- cycle;
\draw[boxB] (2,2,3) -- (3,2,3) -- (3,3,3) -- (2,3,3) -- cycle;

\shade[sphereWhite] (4,1,4) circle (0.08cm); 
\shade[sphereWhite] (2,2,4) circle (0.08cm); 
\shade[sphereWhite] (1,4,4) circle (0.08cm); 
\shade[sphereWhite] (4,2,2) circle (0.08cm); 
\shade[sphereWhite] (3,3,3) circle (0.08cm); 
\shade[sphereWhite] (4,4,1) circle (0.08cm);
\shade[sphereWhite] (2,4,2) circle (0.08cm);

\shade[sphereBlack] (2,1,3) circle (0.08cm); 
\shade[sphereBlack] (1,2,3) circle (0.08cm); 
\shade[sphereBlack] (3,1,2) circle (0.08cm); 
\shade[sphereBlack] (3,2,1) circle (0.08cm); 
\shade[sphereBlack] (2,3,1) circle (0.08cm); 
\shade[sphereBlack] (1,3,2) circle (0.08cm); 
\end{tikzpicture}



\end{document}