我创建了一个 BibLaTeX 库，用于整理我的所有口头和海报演示。它实际上是一个定制的库，具有新的数据类型和引用命令。我的所有想法都来自这里和这里。
经过一段时间的编程，我得到了以下代码，效果很好。我可以\printcontrib{BiB_entry}在任何文本中使用自己的命令，但也可以在最后进行一些列表，例如通过后一个命令调用所有 Bib 条目。在展示代码之前，我想在这里道歉，我的代码可能是某种（邪恶的？）黑客行为。;-)
平均能量损失
\RequirePackage{filecontents}
% The BibTeX library
\begin{filecontents*}{\jobname.bib}
@Contribution{Oral_2016_1,
Type = {Oral},
Invited = {True},
Author = {{\textbf{Author, One} and Author, Two and Author, Three}},
Presenter = {{Author, One}},
Title = {{Some cool stuff about the Nanoworld}},
Event = {{Conference about XYZ}},
Eventtype = {Conference},
Place = {},
City = {Helsinki (Finland) - Stockholm (Sweden)},
Country = {},
Date = {May 1$^{\rm st}$ - June 2$^{\rm nd}$},
Period = {},
Year = {2016},
Note = {}
}
@Contribution{Oral_2015_1,
Type = {Oral},
Invited = {Ture},
Author = {{\textbf{Author, One}}},
Presenter = {{Author, One}},
Title = {{Exciting research on cool Nanostuff}},
Event = {{6$^{\rm th}$ Nanotechnology workshop}},
Eventtype = {Workshop},
Place = {},
City = {Giessen},
Country = {Germany},
Date = {September 24$^{\rm th}$},
Period = {},
Year = {2015},
Note = {}
}
@Contribution{Oral_2015_2,
Type = {Oral},
Invited = {False},
Author = {{Author, One and Author, Two and \textbf{Author, Three}}},
Presenter = {{Author, Three}},
Title = {{Nanochemistry at its edge}},
Event = {{18$^{\rm th}$ Summer School of Nanochemistry}},
Eventtype = {School},
Place = {},
City = {Cassis},
Country = {France},
Date = {September 9$^{\rm th}$},
Period = {},
Year = {2015},
Note = {}
}
\end{filecontents*}
% The declaration of the entries.
\begin{filecontents}{contribution.dbx}
\DeclareDatamodelEntrytypes{contribution}
\DeclareDatamodelFields[type=field,datatype=literal]{
type,
invited,
title,
event,
eventtype,
place,
city,
country,
date,
period,
year,
note
}
\DeclareDatamodelFields[type=list,datatype=name]{
author,
presenter
}
\DeclareDatamodelEntryfields[contribution]{
type,
invited,
author,
presenter,
title,
event,
eventtype,
place,
city,
country,
date,
period,
year,
note}
\end{filecontents}
% The standard LaTeX head, with a link to the chem-acs style and biber. The
% datamodel 'contribution' is also declared.
\documentclass[english]{book}
\usepackage{babel}
\usepackage{ifmtarg}
\usepackage{xstring}
\usepackage{ifthen}
\usepackage[datamodel=contribution,
style=chem-acs,
natbib=true,
backend=biber]
{biblatex}
\addbibresource{\jobname.bib}
% Declare cite commands, the most important ones. Others will be added.
\DeclareCiteCommand{\citeevent}
{\boolfalse{citetracker}%
\boolfalse{pagetracker}%
\usebibmacro{prenote}}
{\printtext{\printfield{event}}}
{\multicitedelim}
{\usebibmacro{postnote}}
\DeclareCiteCommand{\citedate}
{\boolfalse{citetracker}%
\boolfalse{pagetracker}%
\usebibmacro{prenote}}
{\printtext{\printfield{date}}}
{\multicitedelim}
{\usebibmacro{postnote}}
\DeclareCiteCommand{\citeyear}
{\boolfalse{citetracker}%
\boolfalse{pagetracker}%
\usebibmacro{prenote}}
{\printtext{\printfield{year}}}
{\multicitedelim}
{\usebibmacro{postnote}}
\DeclareCiteCommand{\citecity}
{\boolfalse{citetracker}%
\boolfalse{pagetracker}%
\usebibmacro{prenote}}
{\printtext{\printfield{city}}}
{\multicitedelim}
{\usebibmacro{postnote}}
\DeclareCiteCommand{\citecountry}
{\boolfalse{citetracker}%
\boolfalse{pagetracker}%
\usebibmacro{prenote}}
{\printtext{\printfield{country}}}
{\multicitedelim}
{\usebibmacro{postnote}}
\DeclareCiteCommand{\citetitle}
{\boolfalse{citetracker}%
\boolfalse{pagetracker}%
\usebibmacro{prenote}}
{\printtext{\printfield{title}}}
{\multicitedelim}
{\usebibmacro{postnote}}
\DeclareCiteCommand*{\citeauthor}
{\defcounter{maxnames}{99}%
\defcounter{minnames}{99}%
\defcounter{uniquename}{2}%
\boolfalse{citetracker}%
\boolfalse{pagetracker}%
\usebibmacro{prenote}}
{\ifciteindex{\indexnames{labelname}}{}\printnames{labelname}}
{\multicitedelim}
{\usebibmacro{postnote}}
% My own command, which puts into format and prints the contribution.
\newcommand{\printcontrib}[1]{
\citeauthor*{#1},
\citetitle*{#1},
\citeevent{#1},
\citecity{#1}
%
% This works, but there is no 'if' that might find an empty 'country' field.
% I would like to have:
% If : Country = {} => Do not print '(\citecountry{#1})'
% Else: print (\citecountry{#1})
(\citecountry{#1}),
%
%
% Here is my first test amongst many others:
% It works but there is a error: "! Illegal unit of measure (pt inserted)."
%
% \newlength{\strlen}\settowidth{\strlen}{\citecountry{#1}}
% \ifdim\strlen=0\else(\citecountry{#1})\fi,
% \let\strlen\relax
%
\citedate{#1} (\citeyear{#1})
}
\begin{document}
\chapter{Oral contributions}
\printcontrib{Oral_2016_1}\\\\
%
\noindent\printcontrib{Oral_2015_2}\\\\
%
\noindent\printcontrib{Oral_2015_1}\\\\
%
\end{document}
输出如下所示：
到目前为止一切顺利。现在，一个 BibLaTeX 条目中可能有一些条目（例如，参见 Oral_2016_1 => Country = {}），两个 {} 内没有文本，因为缺少一些信息（请注意，由于几个原因，我想保留这些括号……）。
我希望代码中有一个“if ... do ... else do ...”部分，用于检查条目是否为“空”，因此这里是Country = {}。否则，就像这里的情况一样，文本中会显示两个括号 ()。
我希望在这个命令中有这样的条件：
% My own command, which puts into format and prints the contribution.
\newcommand{\printcontrib}[1]{
\citeauthor*{#1},
\citetitle*{#1},
\citeevent{#1},
\citecity{#1}
%
% This works, but there is no 'if' that might find an empty 'country' field.
% I would like to have:
% If : Country = {} => Do not print '(\citecountry{#1})'
% Else: print (\citecountry{#1})
(\citecountry{#1}),
%
%
% Here is my first test amongst many others:
% It works but there is a error: "! Illegal unit of measure (pt inserted)."
%
% \newlength{\strlen}\settowidth{\strlen}{\citecountry{#1}}
% \ifdim\strlen=0\else(\citecountry{#1})\fi,
% \let\strlen\relax
%
\citedate{#1} (\citeyear{#1})
}
只有当条目包含某些文本（换句话说，不在BibLaTeX 文件中）时，才会执行该(\citecountry{#1})命令（注意(和括号）。)countryCountry = {}
我尝试了十几种方法。例如，我借助ifmtarg、xstring和ifthen包尝试了几种 if 条件，但均未成功。half-solution% 引号中的 only（位于% Here is my first testMWE 中的文本下方）可以工作，但会出现错误（您必须取消注释，以便 LaTeX 可以对其进行编译）。
答案1
在 中biblatex，大多数情况下不应将字段格式（例如括号、强调或斜体）直接写入宏中，而应使用 来实现\DeclareFieldFormat。这样，您就可以确保biblatex可以正确检测空字段，并且在这种情况下不执行任何操作。
你可以这样做
\DeclareFieldFormat{country}{\mkbibparens{#1}}
\DeclareCiteCommand{\citecountry}
{\boolfalse{citetracker}%
\boolfalse{pagetracker}%
\usebibmacro{prenote}}
{\printfield{country}}
{\multicitedelim}
{\usebibmacro{postnote}}
然后，只要显示该字段，它就会被括在括号中，否则将被忽略。请注意，无需将单个字段括入不带参数的\printfield字段中，其作用与 相同。\printtext\printfield{country}\printtext{\printfield{country}}
您不应该\citecontrib像现在这样定义，而应该像@contribution这样定义一个参考书目驱动程序（这只是第一次粗略尝试，但您明白了）
\DeclareFieldFormat{country}{\mkbibparens{#1}}
\DeclareFieldFormat[contribution]{title}{\mkbibemph{#1}}
\newbibmacro*{event+venue+city+country+date}{%
\printfield{eventtitle}%
\newunit
\printfield{eventtitleaddon}%
\newunit
\printeventdate
\newunit
\printfield{city}
\setunit{\addspace}%
\printfield{country}
\newunit}
\DeclareBibliographyDriver{contribution}{%
\usebibmacro{bibindex}%
\usebibmacro{begentry}%
\usebibmacro{author/editor+others/translator+others}%
\setunit{\printdelim{nametitledelim}}\newblock
\usebibmacro{title}%
\newunit
\printlist{language}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{byauthor}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{event+venue+city+country+date}%
\newunit\newblock
\printfield{howpublished}%
\newunit\newblock
\printfield{note}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{location+date}\printdate%
\newunit\newblock
\iftoggle{bbx:url}
{\usebibmacro{url+urldate}}
{}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{addendum+pubstate}%
\setunit{\bibpagerefpunct}\newblock
\usebibmacro{pageref}%
\newunit\newblock
\iftoggle{bbx:related}
{\usebibmacro{related:init}%
\usebibmacro{related}}
{}%
\usebibmacro{finentry}}
然后您就可以使用\fullcite并且完成。
答案2
您应该检查该字段是否作为\DeclareCiteCommand使用的一部分而存在\iffieldundef（或类似的东西；参见第节4.6.2 独立测试在里面biblatex 文档)：
\DeclareCiteCommand{\citecountry}
{\boolfalse{citetracker}%
\boolfalse{pagetracker}%
\usebibmacro{prenote}}
{\iffieldundef{country}{}{(\printtext{\printfield{country}})}}
{\multicitedelim}
{\usebibmacro{postnote}}
下面是\printcontrib：
\newcommand{\printcontrib}[1]{%
\citeauthor*{#1},
\citetitle*{#1},
\citeevent{#1},
\citecity{#1}
\citecountry{#1},
\citedate{#1} (\citeyear{#1})
}
您也可以\DeclareCiteCommand使用 来编写更大的代码\printcontrib。
