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书籍文档类中的图形空白

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书籍文档类中的图形空白

使用，

\documentclass[a4paper,12pt,oneside]{book}

但两幅图像之间有很多空白。我需要一些全局命令来减少这个空白，因为我的报告有很多地方都遇到了这样的问题。

因此，全局命令对我有很大帮助。我的 MWE 是：

 \documentclass[a4paper,12pt,oneside]{book}
    \usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc} 
    \begin{document}
    \chapter{Characterization of IPECs and discussion}
    \FloatBarrier
    \section{Phase diagram}

The samples of the HMPAA/PEI2 and the PEG-b-HMPAA/PEI2 at pH 5 shows the same phase behavior like the HMPAA/PEI1 and the PEG-b-HMPAA/PEI1 at pH 7. On day 01, HMPAA/PEI2 at pH 5 forms precipitate from charge ratios 0.4 to 1.0 and after 15 days it extends from 0.4 to 1.3. For the PEG-b-HMPAA/PEI2 series at pH 5, it forms precipitate from charge ratios 0.5 to 1.0 on day 01 and after 15 days it extends from 0.5 to 1.3. The precipitated samples are shown in figure \ref{fig.731} with gray background. The phase diagrams are shown in figure \ref{fig.745}.



    \begin{figure}[htbp!]
    \centering
    \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{..//Images/CMTP10.pdf}
    \caption{PEG-b-HMPAA/PEI2 - 01 day - 25 $^{\circ}$C, pH 5 and concentration 0.4 mmol/L.}
    \label{fig.731}
    \end{figure}


    \begin{figure}[!htbp]
    \centering
    \subfloat[For HMPAA/PEI2 - pH 5]{\includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{..//Images/rephd09.pdf}\label{fig.745a}}
    \subfloat[For PEG-b-HMPAA/PEI2 - pH 5]{\includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{..//Images/rephd10.pdf}\label{fig.745b}}
    \caption{Phase diagram from day 01 to 15 for different charge ratio at 25 $^{\circ}$C, pH 5 and concentration 0.4 mmol/L.}\label{fig.745}
    \end{figure}

In general, the turbidity of the complex depends on polycation in all the cases. The trend of complex formed by PEI1 and PEI2 are almost at respective pH. The complex without PEG shows higher turbidity than the complex formed with PEG. This might have happened due to close packing or close interaction of polycation with polyanion without PEG. At pH5, the complex with PEI1 and PEI2 are almost having same phase diagram at same concentration. 

\end{document}

提前致谢。

该书的图片如下所示。

答案1

您的问题不太清楚，并且您的代码无法编译，但如果我理解正确的话，您想要（全局）更改参数的值\@fpsep。例如：

\documentclass[a4paper,12pt,oneside]{book}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage{subfig}
\usepackage{mwe} % just for generating this Minimal Working Example

% The patch that *might* solve your problem:
\makeatletter
    \setlength{\@fpsep}{24pt} % adjust value as you need
\makeatother



\begin{document}

\chapter{Characterization of IPECs and discussion}

\lipsum[1]

% \FloatBarrier % irrelevant for this MWE

\section{Phase diagram}

\lipsum[2]

\begin{figure}[htbp!] % "htbp!"???
    \centering
    \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{image}
    \caption{First image}
    \label{fig.731}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[!htbp] % as above: ???
    \centering
    \subfloat[For HMPAA/PEI2 - pH 5]{
        \includegraphics[width=0.45\textwidth]{image-a}
        \label{fig.745a}
    }
    \subfloat[For PEG-b-HMPAA/PEI2 - pH 5]{
        \includegraphics[width=0.45\textwidth]{image-b}
        \label{fig.745b}
    }
    \caption{Phase diagram from etc.}
    \label{fig.745}
\end{figure}

\lipsum[3-4]

\end{document}

无论如何，我不会这样做，因为在我看来，预设值使得输出看起来更好。

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