解决方案
不要refsection=chapter在 biblatex 选项中使用。感谢用户成本加运费。
我正在做什么
我正在用 LaTeX 写论文，遇到了一个大问题。参考书目不起作用。
我正在使用 biblatex 和 biber。（我的机器上安装了 Biber。）
\usepackage[backend=biber, style=numeric, refsection=chapter]{biblatex}
我正在使用自定义命令进行引用，例如
\newcommand{\citeindirect}[2]{[\footnote{Vgl.~\cite{#1}:~\citeauthor{#1}, \citetitle{#1} (\citeyear{#1}), S.~#2.}]}
我认为我执行了正确的编译步骤：（编译、引用、编译、显示）。正如您在图片中看到的，引用有效，并且我的脚注打印了正确的参考资料。
问题
链接不起作用。它们都指向文档的第一页。打印书目根本不起作用。没有什么。
\printbibliography[title=Literaturverzeichnis, heading=bibnumbered]
我创建了一个最小工作示例，其文件结构与我在论文中使用的相同。我删除了许多包和所有文本。唯一相同的是章节/节结构和所有引用。正如预期的那样，bib 不起作用。一些同事在他们的机器上检查了这一点，结果是一样的。
现在发生了一些无法解释的事情：当我评论一些输入时，例如\input{chapter}，bib 起作用了。这毫无意义，因为这些文件只包含引文，没有其他内容。
最小“工作”示例
编辑：
您有两个文件：“thesis.tex”和“bib.bib”。
论文.tex
\documentclass[11pt, a4paper]{report}
\usepackage[left=3cm,right=3cm,top=2.5cm,bottom=3cm,includeheadfoot]{geometry}
\usepackage[english, ngerman]{babel}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{amstext, mathrsfs, amsfonts, amssymb}
\usepackage{relsize}
\usepackage{mathtools}
\usepackage[thmmarks, thref]{ntheorem}
\usepackage[hyperfootnotes=false, pdftex]{hyperref}
\usepackage[all]{hypcap}
\usepackage[bottom, hang]{footmisc}
\setlength\footnotemargin{10pt}
\usepackage{breakcites}
% Zitieren
\usepackage{makeidx}
\makeindex
% bib einbinden
\usepackage[backend=biber, style=numeric, refsection=chapter]{biblatex}
\DefineBibliographyStrings{ngerman}{
andothers = {{et\,al\adddot}},
}
\usepackage{url}
\setcounter{biburllcpenalty}{7000}
\setcounter{biburlucpenalty}{8000}
% Schrift
\usepackage{microtype}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage{lmodern} % scaleable font, necessary for Windows
\usepackage[onehalfspacing]{setspace}
\usepackage[pdftex]{graphicx}
% Formatierung der Titelseite
\usepackage[margin = 12pt]{caption}
\usepackage{titling}
\pagestyle{headings}
% Anhang
\usepackage[titletoc]{appendix}
\usepackage{pdfpages}
% ######################################
% Zitate
% ######################################
% Fußnoten
\setlength{\footnotesep}{0.3cm}
\setlength{\skip\footins}{1cm}
\interfootnotelinepenalty=10000
\newcommand*{\fullref}[1]{\hyperref[{#1}]{\autoref*{#1} -- \nameref*{#1}}}
% indirektes Zitieren
\newcommand{\citeindirectNoPage}[1]{[\footnote{Vgl.~\cite{#1}:~\citeauthor{#1}, \citetitle{#1} (\citeyear{#1})}]}
\newcommand{\citeindirectNoPageDouble}[2]{[\footnote{Vgl.~\cite{#1}:~\citeauthor{#1}, \citetitle{#1} (\citeyear{#1})},\footnote{Vgl.~\cite{#2}:~\citeauthor{#2}, \citetitle{#2} (\citeyear{#2})}]}
\newcommand{\citeMixedDouble}[3]{[\footnote{Vgl.~\cite{#1}:~\citeauthor{#1}, \citetitle{#1} (\citeyear{#1}), S. #2},\footnote{Vgl.~\cite{#3}:~\citeauthor{#3}, \citetitle{#3} (\citeyear{#3})}]}
\newcommand{\citeindirect}[2]{[\footnote{Vgl.~\cite{#1}:~\citeauthor{#1}, \citetitle{#1} (\citeyear{#1}), S.~#2.}]}
\newcommand{\citeindirectdouble}[4]{[\footnote{Vgl.~\cite{#1}:~\citeauthor{#1}, \citetitle{#1} (\citeyear{#1}), S.~#2. und \cite{#1}:\citeauthor{#3}, \citetitle{#3} (\citeyear{#3}), S.~#4}]}
% direktes Zitieren
\newcommand{\citedirect}[2]{[\footnote{\cite{#1}:~\citeauthor{#1} (\citeyear{#1}), S.~#2.}]}
\newcommand{\citedirectNoPage}[1]{[\footnote{\cite{#1}:~\citeauthor{#1} (\citeyear{#1})}]}
% Zitieren einer Abbildung
\newcommand{\citeabb}[2]{[\cite{#1}:~\citeauthor{#1} (\citeyear{#1}), S.~#2.]}
% Zitieren einer Quelle aus dem Internet
\newcommand{\citeinternet}[2]{[\footnote{Vgl.~\cite{#1}:~\citeauthor{#1} (\citeyear{#1}), S.~#2.}]}
\newcommand{\citeinternetdata}[1]{[\footnote{\cite{#1}:~\citeauthor{#1}, \citetitle{#1} (\citeyear{#1})}]}
\newcommand{\citeapache}[1]{[\footnote{\cite{#1}:~\citetitle{#1} (\hyperlink{\citeurl{#1}}{https://spark.apache.org})}]}
\newcommand{\citeinternetarticle}[2]{[\footnote{Vgl.~\cite{#1}:~\citeauthor{#1}, \citetitle{#1} (\citeyear{#1}), #2}]}
% ######################################
% /Zitate
% ######################################
\addbibresource{bib.bib}
% ###############################################################
% Dokument
% ###############################################################
\begin{document}
\pagenumbering{roman}
% Titelseite
\clearpage
\thispagestyle{empty}
\begin{titlepage}
...
\end{titlepage}
% Abstract
\clearpage
\thispagestyle{empty}
\chapter{Abstract}
% Inhaltsverzeichnis
\clearpage
\begingroup
\hypersetup{hidelinks}
\tableofcontents
\endgroup
\clearpage
\setcounter{page}{1}
\pagenumbering{arabic}
\citeinternetdata{bundeskartellamt2013kraftstoff}
\clearpage
\chapter{...}
\section{...}
\citeindirectNoPage{klosgen1996explora} und Wrobel~\citeindirectNoPage{wrobel1997algorithm}\citeindirectNoPage{siebes1995data}
\subsection{...}
\citeindirect{Herrera2011}{499}\citeindirect{atzmueller2006sdmap}{3}\citeindirect{atzmueller2015advanced}{3}\citeindirect{Herrera2011}{499~ff}\citeindirect{atzmueller2015advanced}{6}
\section{...}
\citeindirectNoPageDouble{apachesparkcluster}{soutierblog}
\clearpage
\chapter{...}
\citetitle{Herrera2011} \citeauthor{Herrera2011}\citeindirect{Herrera2011}{496~ff}\citetitle{lavravc2004subgroup} \citeauthor{lavravc2004subgroup}
\citeauthor{Herrera2011}\citeauthor{lavravc2004subgroup}
\par \citetitle{atzmueller2015advanced}
\citeMixedDouble{norvig1992paradigms}{211~ff}{lowerre1976harpy}
\citeindirectNoPage{han2000mining}
\citeindirectNoPage{atzmueller2006sdmap}
\section{...}
\citeindirect{atzmueller2006sdmap}{5~f}
\citeindirectNoPage{Klosgen:2002:HDM}
\citeindirect{atzmueller2006sdmap}{1~f}
\section{...}
\label{sec:literatur_qf}
\citeindirect{atzmueller2015advanced}{4~f}\citeauthor{pieters2010subgroup}\citetitle{pieters2010subgroup}
\citeindirect{pieters2010subgroup}{6~f}
\citeindirectNoPage{klosgen1996explora}
\citeindirect{atzmueller2015advanced}{5}
\citeindirectNoPage{trajkovski2011functional}
\subsection{...}
\citeauthor{trajkovski2011functional}\citeindirectNoPage{trajkovski2011functional}
\citeindirect{pieters2010subgroup}{8}
\section{...}
\subsection{...}
\citeindirect{saake2014algorithmen}{455~ff}
\subparagraph{...}
\clearpage
\chapter{...}
\section{...}
\begin{quote}
\citeinternetdata{bundeskartellamt2013kraftstoff}
\end{quote}
\citeinternetdata{tankerkoenig}
\section{...}
\clearpage
\chapter{...}
\section{...}
\paragraph{...}
\section{...}
\subsection{...}
\paragraph{...}
\subsection{...}
\subsubsection{...}
\paragraph{...}
\subsubsection{...}
\clearpage
\chapter{...}
\section{...}
\clearpage
\chapter{...}
\begin{appendices}
\clearpage
\markright{\MakeUppercase{\textit{Appendix -- Literaturverzeichnis}}}
\printbibliography[title=Literaturverzeichnis, heading=bibnumbered]
\clearpage
\chapter{Second Appendix}
\markright{\MakeUppercase{\textit{Appendix -- Second Appendix}}}
\section{...}
\end{appendices}
\end{document}
书目目录
@Inbook{atzmueller2006sdmap,
author={Atzmueller, Martin and Puppe, Frank},
editor={F{\"u}rnkranz, Johannes and Scheffer, Tobias and Spiliopoulou, Myra},
title={SD-Map -- A Fast Algorithm for Exhaustive Subgroup Discovery},
bookTitle={Knowledge Discovery in Databases: PKDD 2006: 10th European Conference on Principles and Practice of Knowledge Discovery in Databases Berlin, Germany, September 18-22, 2006 Proceedings},
year={2006},
publisher={Springer Berlin Heidelberg},
address={Berlin, Heidelber},
pages={6--17},
isbn={978-3-540-46048-0},
doi={10.1007/11871637_6},
url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11871637_6}
}
@article{atzmueller2015advanced,
title={Subgroup Discovery -- Advanced Review},
author={Atzmueller, Martin},
journal={Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery},
volume={5},
number={1},
pages={35--49},
year={2015},
publisher={Wiley Online Library}
}
@Article{Herrera2011,
author="Herrera, Franciso
and Carmona, Crist{\'o}bal Jos{\'e}
and Gonz{\'a}lez, Pedro
and del Jesus, Mar{\'i}a Jos{\'e}",
title="An overview on subgroup discovery: foundations and applications",
journal="Knowledge and Information Systems",
year="2011",
volume="29",
number="3",
pages="495--525",
abstract="Subgroup discovery is a data mining technique which extracts interesting rules with respect to a target variable.
An important characteristic of this task is the combination of predictive and descriptive induction.
An overview related to the task of subgroup discovery is presented.
This review focuses on the foundations, algorithms, and advanced studies together with the applications of subgroup discovery presented throughout the specialised bibliography.",
issn="0219-3116",
doi="10.1007/s10115-010-0356-2",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10115-010-0356-2"
}
@book{Klosgen:2002:HDM,
editor = {Kl\"{o}sgen, Willi and Zytkow, Jan M.},
title = {Handbook of Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery},
chapter = {16.3: Subgroup Discovery},
year = {2002},
isbn = {0-19-511831-6},
publisher = {Oxford University Press, Inc.},
address = {New York, NY, USA},
}
@inproceedings{klosgen1996explora,
title={Explora: A multipattern and multistrategy discovery assistant},
author={Kl{\"o}sgen, Willi},
booktitle={Advances in knowledge discovery and data mining},
pages={249--271},
year={1996},
organization={American Association for Artificial Intelligence}
}
@inproceedings{wrobel1997algorithm,
title={An algorithm for multi-relational discovery of subgroups},
author={Wrobel, Stefan},
booktitle={European Symposium on Principles of Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery},
pages={78--87},
year={1997},
organization={Springer}
}
@inproceedings{siebes1995data,
title={Data Surveying: Foundations of an Inductive Query Language},
author={Siebes, Arno},
booktitle={KDD},
pages={269--274},
year={1995}
}
@misc{uci1996,
author = {Ronny Kohavi and Barry Becker},
year = {1996},
title = {UCI Machine Learning Repository - Census Income Data Set},
url ={http://archive.ics.uci.edu/ml/datasets/Census+Income},
institution = {Silicon Graphics, Data Mining and Visualization}
}
@misc{bundeskartellamt2013kraftstoff,
title={Markttransparenzstelle für Kraftstoffe},
author={Bundeskartellamt},
institution={Bundeskartellamt},
year={2016},
month={11},
day={10},
url={http://www.bundeskartellamt.de/DE/Wirtschaftsbereiche/Mineral%C3%B6l/MTS-Kraftstoffe/mtskraftstoffe_node.html}
}
@misc{tankerkoenig,
title={Historische Benzinpreisdaten},
author={Tankerkönig API},
institution={Bundeskartellamt},
year={2016},
month={11},
day={17},
url={https://creativecommons.tankerkoenig.de/#history}
}
@misc{manfrin2016plz,
author = {Andread Manfrin},
title = {Database-Marketing: Postleitzahlen zum Download},
institution={IT Consulting Freiburg},
year={2016},
month={11},
day={23},
url = {http://www.manfrin-it.com/postleitzahlen/plz.html},
}
@book{saake2014algorithmen,
title={Algorithmen und Datenstrukturen: Eine Einf{\"u}hrung mit Java},
author={Saake, G. and Sattler, K.U.},
isbn={9783864914393},
url={https://books.google.de/books?id=txRMDAAAQBAJ},
year={2014},
publisher={dpunkt.verlag}
}
@book{edelkamp2011heuristic,
title={Heuristic Search: Theory and Applications},
author={Edelkamp, S. and Schroedl, S.},
isbn={9780080919737},
url={https://books.google.de/books?id=3k5MVjKzBP4C},
year={2011},
publisher={Elsevier Science}
}
@inproceedings{pieters2010subgroup,
title={Subgroup discovery in ranked data, with an application to gene set enrichment},
author={Pieters, Barbara FI and Knobbe, Arno and Dzeroski, Sa{\v{s}}o},
booktitle={Proceedings preference learning workshop (PL 2010) at ECML PKDD},
volume={10},
pages={1--18},
year={2010}
}
@online{fpgrowth_1.3.1,
title = {{Apache Spark} MLlib -- Frequent Pattern Mining 1.3.1},
url = {https://spark.apache.org/docs/1.3.1/mllib-frequent-pattern-mining.html},
subtitle = {FP-growth},
language = {english},
version = {1.3.1},
organization = {Apache},
urldate = {2017-02-03},
editor = {Apache Foundation}
}
@book{norvig1992paradigms,
title={Paradigms of artificial intelligence programming: case studies in Common LISP},
author={Norvig, Peter},
year={1992},
publisher={Morgan Kaufmann}
}
@article{lavravc2004subgroup,
title={Subgroup discovery with CN2-SD},
author={Lavra{\v{c}}, Nada and Kav{\v{s}}ek, Branko and Flach, Peter and Todorovski, Ljup{\v{c}}o},
journal={Journal of Machine Learning Research},
volume={5},
number={Feb},
pages={153--188},
year={2004}
}
@inproceedings{han2000mining,
title={Mining frequent patterns without candidate generation},
author={Han, Jiawei and Pei, Jian and Yin, Yiwen},
booktitle={ACM Sigmod Record},
volume={29},
number={2},
pages={1--12},
year={2000},
organization={ACM}
}
@book{trajkovski2011functional,
title={Functional interpretation of gene expression data},
author={Trajkovski, Igor},
year={2011},
publisher={Lap Lambert Academic Publ}
}
@online{apachespark,
title = {Spark Overview},
url = {http://spark.apache.org/docs/latest/},
language = {english},
organization = {Apache},
urldate = {2017-02-12},
date={2016-12-28},
author={Apache Foundation}
}
@online{apachesparkcluster,
title = {Spark Cluster Overview},
url = {http://spark.apache.org/docs/latest/cluster-overview.html},
language = {english},
organization = {Apache},
urldate = {2017-02-13},
date={2016-12-28},
author={Apache Foundation}
}
@online{soutierblog,
title = {Einführung in Apache Spark},
url = {http://www.soutier.de/blog/2015/03/11/apache-spark-intro/},
author = {Marius Soutier},
language = {german},
urldate = {2017-02-12},
date={2015-03-11}
}
@article{lowerre1976harpy,
title={The HARPY speech recognition system},
author={Lowerre, Bruce T},
year={1976}
}
如果一切顺利的话，我的附录中应该有两章。第一章是参考书目，第二章是其他内容。如果不行的话，附录中只有一章。
提前致谢！我非常感激任何帮助。
如果有帮助的话：
测试平台：Windows 10 专业版
这是 TeX，版本 3.14159265（MiKTeX 2.9.6200 64 位）
biber 版本：2.7
（在 Ubuntu/Debian 上可以使用 TeXLive 2016）
解决方案
作为成本加运费指出：refsection=chapter从 biblatex 选项中删除（并移动hyperref）解决了该问题。
\usepackage[backend=biber, style=numeric]{biblatex}
答案1
您需要删除
refsection=chapter
否则，Biblatex 假定您将为每一章使用单独的参考书目。您仍然可以有一个外部参考书目，但它将只包含任何章节中未引用的内容（\chapter基本上是在第一个命令之前）。这个想法是，您随后在每个章节内使用它\printbibliography来打印特定于章节的来源。
此外，您希望加载hyperref为最后的包，除非您知道某些东西应该稍后加载。值得注意的情况是cleveref，它必须在之后加载。据我所知，hyperref这是 -last 策略的唯一常见例外。hyperref
但请注意，使用 Biblatex 的功能来定义自定义引用命令会更好。我也不确定 的兼容性breakcites（我从未使用过它）。
您不必在文档开始时选择德语，因为您已将其指定为默认语言。