如何使用 TikZ 数据可视化绘制矢量图？

Question

我决定使用，TikZ datavisualization因为有很多可能性：

• 调整轴、网格、图例和刻度
• 自动放置标签和图例
• 自动绘制数据值集
• 样式表vary dashing：可以区分一组矢量，即使使用黑白打印。

这是我的代码：

\documentclass{scrartcl}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{datavisualization.formats.functions}
\newcommand\U[1]{\underline U_{#1}}
\begin{document}
  \begin{tikzpicture}
    \datavisualization[
                       scientific axes={clean, end labels},
                       all axes = {ticks = {major at = 0}},
                       x axis = {label = Re},
                       y axis = {label = Im},
                       visualize as line/.list = {U_R, I, U_L, U_C, U},
                       style sheet = vary dashing,
                       I = {label in legend = {text = $\underline I$}},
                       U_R = {label in legend = {text = $\U{R}$}},
                       U_L = {label in legend = {text = $\U{L}$}},
                       U_C = {label in legend = {text = $\U{C}$}},
                       U = {label in legend = {text = $\U{}$}}
                      ]
    data[set = U_R] {
                     x, y
                     0, 0
                     2, 0
                    }
    data[set = I] {
                   x, y
                   0, 0
                   4, 0
                  }
    data[set = U_L] {
                     x, y
                     2, 0
                     2, 2
                    }
    data[set = U_C] {
                     x,   y
                     2.1, 2
                     2.1, 1
                    }
data[set = U] {
               x, y
               0, 0
               2, 1
              };
  \end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

结果如下：

我希望：

1. 每个矢量应以箭头结尾（尽可能自动）。
2. 矢量的角度U。类似这样（上面的图片，使用图形程序修改）：

当然可以使用类似的东西（TikZ & PGF手册第 44 页）：

或（TikZ & PGF手册第 361 页）：

但在这两种情况下，人们都需要大量的“手工工作”，并且调整的可能性较少。

提前谢谢你的帮助！

Answer 1

通过使用 TikZ 库angles（quotes针对第二个子问题）并添加every visualizer/.style={->},第一个子问题的选项，您的 MWE 给出：

\documentclass{scrartcl}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{angles,datavisualization.formats.functions,quotes}
\newcommand\U[1]{\underline U_{#1}}
\begin{document}
  \begin{tikzpicture}
    \datavisualization[
                       scientific axes={clean, end labels},
                       all axes = {ticks = {major at = 0}},
                       x axis = {label = Re},
                       y axis = {label = Im},
                       visualize as line/.list = {U_R, I, U_L, U_C, U},
                       style sheet = vary dashing,
                       I = {label in legend = {text = $\underline I$}},
                       U_R = {label in legend = {text = $\U{R}$}},
                       U_L = {label in legend = {text = $\U{L}$}},
                       U_C = {label in legend = {text = $\U{C}$}},
                       U = {label in legend = {text = $\U{}$}},
                       every visualizer/.style={->}, % <-- added fo first sub-question
                      ]
    data[set = U_R] {
                     x, y
                     0, 0
                     2, 0
                    }
    data[set = I] {
                   x, y
                   0, 0
                   4, 0
                  }
    data[set = U_L] {
                     x, y
                     2, 0
                     2, 2
                    }
    data[set = U_C] {
                     x,   y
                     2.1, 2
                     2.1, 1
                    }
data[set = U] {
               x, y
               0, 0
               2, 1
              };
% added for second sub-question
\coordinate (A) at (2.5,1.5);
\coordinate (B) at (2.5,0);
\coordinate (C) at (0,0);
\pic [draw, angle radius=11 mm, "$\phi$"] {angle = B--C--A};

  \end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}