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TikZ：矩阵中的矩阵给出“缺失$”

tag-icon • tag-icon tikz-pgf tikz-matrix
TikZ：矩阵中的矩阵给出“缺失$”

以下 TikZ 代码按预期进行编译和渲染：

\matrix[struct]
{
    \node[varname] (age) {age}; & \node[vartype] {int*}; \\
    \node[varname] {height}; & \node[vartype] {float}; \\
    \node[varname] {weight}; & \node[vartype] {float}; \\
};

在此处输入图片描述

以下情况则不然：

\documentclass[tikz,border=10pt,a4paper]{standalone}

\usetikzlibrary{arrows,intersections,shapes,backgrounds,scopes,positioning,fit,matrix}

%% Language and font encodings
\usepackage[english]{babel}

\begin{document}

\tikzset{varname/.style={rectangle,thin,inner sep=0.3ex,font=\ttfamily,text height=1.5ex,text depth=0.35ex}}
\tikzset{vartype/.style={rectangle,text=red,thin,inner sep=0.3ex,font=\ttfamily,text height=1.5ex,text depth=0.35ex}}
\tikzset{struct/.style={draw,matrix of nodes,column 1/.style={anchor=base west},column 2/.style={anchor=base west}}}

\begin{tikzpicture}
\matrix[struct] (person)
{
    \node[varname] {name}; & \node[vartype] {const char*}; \\
    \node[varname] {attributes}; & 

    \matrix[struct] (foo) 
    {
        \node[varname] (age) {age}; & \node[vartype] {int*}; & \\
        \node[varname] {height}; & \node[vartype] {float}; & \\
        \node[varname] {weight}; & \node[vartype] {float}; & \\
    }; \\
    \node[varname] {next}; & TODO & \\
};
\end{tikzpicture}

\end{document}

Missing $ inserted.

为什么不呢？如何得到矩阵中的矩阵？

目标是分层表示数据类型和结构。如果一个数据结构Primary包含另一个数据结构Secondary，那么我需要能够Secondary在绘制的代码中包含/调用绘制的代码Primary。我需要能够唯一地命名任何给定结构中的节点，以便我可以为它们附加任意装饰。ASCII 艺术：

PRIMARY----------------------+
| basic_field:   int         |
| complex_field: SECONDARY--+|
|                | foo: int ||    ______
|                | bar: int<======|note|
|                | baz: int ||    ^^^^^^
|                -----------+|
| basic_field_2: int         |
+----------------------------+

答案1

Segletes 解决方案的变体：

注意：(foo)和(age)不会在最终的 tikzpicture 中定义。

\documentclass[border=10pt]{standalone}

\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows,intersections,shapes,backgrounds,scopes,positioning,fit,matrix}

%% Language and font encodings
\usepackage[english]{babel}% Really?

\newsavebox{\tempbox}

\begin{document}

\tikzset{varname/.style={rectangle,thin,inner sep=0.3ex,font=\ttfamily,text height=1.5ex,text depth=0.35ex}}
\tikzset{vartype/.style={rectangle,text=red,thin,inner sep=0.3ex,font=\ttfamily,text height=1.5ex,text depth=0.35ex}}
\tikzset{struct/.style={draw,matrix of nodes,column 1/.style={anchor=base west},column 2/.style={anchor=base west}}}

\setbox\tempbox=\hbox{\begin{tikzpicture}[baseline=(age.text)]
\matrix[struct] (foo)
    {
        \node[varname] (age) {age}; & \node[vartype] {int*}; & \\
        \node[varname] {height}; & \node[vartype] {float}; & \\
        \node[varname] {weight}; & \node[vartype] {float}; & \\
    };
\end{tikzpicture}}%

\begin{tikzpicture}
\matrix[struct] (person)
{
    \node[varname] {name}; & \node[vartype] {const char*}; \\
    \node[varname] {attributes}; & \node{\usebox{\tempbox}}; \\
    \node[varname] {next}; & TODO  \\
};
\end{tikzpicture}

\end{document}

演示

答案2

这有点丑陋，因为我不知道如何在自己的页面中standalone构建每个页面（感谢评论中的 John K）。因此，内部框的外部存在边框。因此，我不得不求助于消除内部框周围的垂直边框并消除水平边框。我给出了一个tikzpicturestandalonestruct\\[-10pt]\hspace{-10pt}附录下面展示了当不使用时整个问题是如何消失的standalone。

即使修好了，它仍然有点丑陋，因为我必须单独构建内盒\vbox并保存它，以便在外盒内重新出现。

\documentclass[tikz,border=10pt,a4paper]{standalone}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows,intersections,shapes,backgrounds,scopes,positioning,fit,matrix}
%% Language and font encodings
\usepackage[english]{babel}
\usepackage{stackengine}
\newcommand\insertmatrix[1]{%
  \hspace{-10pt}%
  \belowbaseline[-\dimexpr\baselineskip+\ht\strutbox\relax]{#1}%
  \hspace{-10pt}%
}
\begin{document}

\tikzset{varname/.style={rectangle,thin,inner sep=0.3ex,font=\ttfamily,text height=1.5ex,text depth=0.35ex}}
\tikzset{vartype/.style={rectangle,text=red,thin,inner sep=0.3ex,font=\ttfamily,text height=1.5ex,text depth=0.35ex}}
\tikzset{struct/.style={draw,matrix of nodes,column 1/.style={anchor=base west},column 2/.style={anchor=base west}}}

\setbox0=\vbox{\begin{tikzpicture}
    \matrix[struct] (foo) 
    {
        \node[varname] (age) {age}; & \node[vartype] {int*}; & \\
        \node[varname] {height}; & \node[vartype] {float}; & \\
        \node[varname] {weight}; & \node[vartype] {float}; & \\
    };
\end{tikzpicture}}
\savestack\mycomplex{\box0}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\matrix[struct] (person)
{
    \node[varname] {name}; & \node[vartype] {const char*}; \\[-10pt]
    \node[varname] {attributes}; & \insertmatrix{\mycomplex} 
      \\[-10pt]
    \node[varname] {next}; & TODO  \\
    \node[varname] {afternext}; & MORE TODO  \\
};
\end{tikzpicture}

\end{document}

在此处输入图片描述

附录

感谢 John 指出问题在于standalone，而不是tikz。如果我在课堂上完成任务，则不需要article所有这些更正，并且可以将 放入 中。10pt\vbox\hbox

\documentclass[tikz,border=10pt,a4paper]{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows,intersections,shapes,backgrounds,scopes,positioning,fit,matrix}
%% Language and font encodings
\usepackage[english]{babel}
\usepackage{stackengine}
\newcommand\insertmatrix[1]{%
  \belowbaseline[-\ht\strutbox]{#1}%
}
\begin{document}

\tikzset{varname/.style={rectangle,thin,inner sep=0.3ex,font=\ttfamily,text height=1.5ex,text depth=0.35ex}}
\tikzset{vartype/.style={rectangle,text=red,thin,inner sep=0.3ex,font=\ttfamily,text height=1.5ex,text depth=0.35ex}}
\tikzset{struct/.style={draw,matrix of nodes,column 1/.style={anchor=base west},column 2/.style={anchor=base west}}}

\setbox0=\hbox{\begin{tikzpicture}
    \matrix[struct,ampersand replacement=\&] (foo) 
    {
        \node[varname] (age) {age}; \& \node[vartype] {int*}; \& \\
        \node[varname] {height}; \& \node[vartype] {float}; \& \\
        \node[varname] {weight}; \& \node[vartype] {float}; \& \\
    };
\end{tikzpicture}}
\savestack\mycomplex{\box0}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\matrix[struct] (person)
{
    \node[varname] {name}; & \node[vartype] {const char*}; \\
    \node[varname] {attributes}; & \insertmatrix{\mycomplex} 
      \\
    \node[varname] {next}; & TODO  \\
    \node[varname] {afternext}; & MORE TODO  \\
};
\end{tikzpicture}

\end{document}

答案3

我建议使用普通的 LaTeX 进行网格排列，使用 tikz 进行注释。\fbox您可以使用更花哨的方法来绘制漂亮的方框。

在此处输入图片描述

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\newcommand\vartype[1]{\textcolor{red}{\ttfamily#1}}
\newcommand\varname[1]{{\ttfamily#1}}
\newcommand\struct[1]%
  {\fbox
    {\begin{tabular}[t]{@{}ll@{}}
     #1
     \end{tabular}%
    }%
  }
\newcommand\tikznode[2]%
  {\tikz[remember picture,baseline=(#1.base)]\node[inner sep=0pt] (#1) {#2};}

\begin{document}
\struct
  {\varname{name}       & \vartype{const char*} \\
   \varname{attributes}
   & \struct
       {\varname{age}    & \vartype{int*}  \\
        \varname{height} & \tikznode{heighttype}{\vartype{floatp}} \\
        \varname{weight} & \vartype{float}
       } \\[7ex]
   \varname{next}       & TODO
  }
\begin{tikzpicture}[remember picture,overlay]
  \draw[stealth-,shorten <=2pt] (heighttype) -- +(1,1) node[right] {important!};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

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