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TikZ-Spring 符号

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TikZ-Spring 符号

我想在用 TikZ 完成的节点中插入机械弹簧的符号。

这是我的代码：

    \documentclass{article}

    \usepackage{tikz}
    \usetikzlibrary{shapes,arrows,calc,positioning}
    \tikzset{
     pinstyle/.style={pin edge={to-,thin,black}},
     block/.style = {draw, rectangle,
     minimum height=1cm,
     align = center
     %   minimum width=2cm
     },
     input/.style = {coordinate,node distance=1cm},
     output/.style = {coordinate,node distance=1cm},
      arrow/.style={draw, -latex,node distance=2cm},
      pinstyle/.style = {pin edge={latex-, black,node distance=2cm}},
        sum/.style = {draw, circle, node distance=1cm},
      gain/.style = {regular polygon, regular polygon sides=3,
      draw, fill=white, text width=1em,
      inner sep=0mm, outer sep=0mm,
      shape border rotate=-90}
      }


    \begin{document}
    \begin{figure}
    \begin{center}
    \begin{tikzpicture}[auto,>=latex',every node/.append style={font=\scriptsize}]

    %DEFINIZIONE BLOCCHI
    \node [input, name=input] {};
    \node [sum, right=of input] (speed_sum) {};
    \node [block, right=of speed_sum] (speed_controller) {$C_{\mathrm{vel}}(s)$};
    \node [gain, right=2cm of speed_controller] (Kt) {$K_{t}$};
    \node [block, right=of Kt] (gvm) {$G_{vM}(s)$};
     \node [block, right=of gvm] (elastico) {$\frac{s\Theta_{M}(s)}{s\Theta_{C}(s)}$};
    \node [output, right=of elastico] (output) {};

    %DEFINIZIONE COLLEGAMENTI IN CATENA DIRETTA
    \draw [->] (input) -- node {$\omega_{M}^{\mathrm{DES}}(s)$}(speed_sum);
    \draw [->] (speed_sum) -- node {$E_{v}(s)$}(speed_controller);
    \draw [->] (speed_controller) -- node {$I^{\mathrm{DES}}(s)=I(s)$}(Kt);
    \draw [->] (Kt) -- node {$C_{\mathrm{M}}(s)$}(gvm);
    \draw [->] (gvm) -- node [name=motor_speed] {$s\theta_{M}(s)$}(elastico);
    \draw [->] (elastico) -- node [name=motor_speed] {$s\theta_{C}(s)$}(output);

    %DEFINIZIONE COLLEGAMENTI FEEDBACK
    \draw [->] (motor_speed) -- ++ (0,-2) -| node [pos=0.99] {$-$} (speed_sum);

\end{tikzpicture}
\end{center}

\caption{Anello di controllo di velocit\`a nel caso co-locato}
\label{fig:speed_loop_colocato}
\end{figure}
\end{document}

现在的输出如上（图中的第一个循环），但我想要如下所示的内容（图中的第二个循环）：

在此处输入图片描述

正是我使用的地方

 \node [block, right=of gvm] (elastico) {$\frac{s\Theta_{M}(s)}{s\Theta_{C}(s)}$};

我问的是是否有办法\textrm{SPRING_SYMBOL}复制机械弹簧或者你会怎么做？

答案1

你可以用 TikZ 画出弹簧符号。我把它包装在一个宏中，以防你需要多次绘制弹簧，同时也使 TikZ 代码更简洁。

我还建议使用\centering而不是\begin{center}。

请注意，您可以更改几个选项来修改弹簧的外观。我将它们分别放在代码中的单独一行上，它们的作用应该很容易理解。如果没有，只需自己尝试一下数字即可。这些选项包括：segment length、amplitude和。当然pre length，post length锯齿线使用的坐标也可以修改。

代码：

\documentclass{article}

\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{shapes,arrows,calc,positioning,decorations.pathmorphing} % <------- add new library
\newcommand*{\drawspring}{%
    \tikz \draw[decorate,decoration={
        zigzag,
        segment length=0.2cm,
        amplitude=2mm,
        pre length=.1cm, 
        post length=.1cm}] (0,0)--(1,0);} % <-------- define a macro to draw the spring (for conciseness)

\tikzset{
    pinstyle/.style={pin edge={to-,thin,black}},
    block/.style = {draw, rectangle,
        minimum height=1cm,
        align = center
        %   minimum width=2cm
    },
    input/.style = {coordinate,node distance=1cm},
    output/.style = {coordinate,node distance=1cm},
    arrow/.style={draw, -latex,node distance=2cm},
    pinstyle/.style = {pin edge={latex-, black,node distance=2cm}},
    sum/.style = {draw, circle, node distance=1cm},
    gain/.style = {regular polygon, regular polygon sides=3,
        draw, fill=white, text width=1em,
        inner sep=0mm, outer sep=0mm,
        shape border rotate=-90}
}

\begin{document}
    \begin{figure}
    \centering
    \begin{tikzpicture}[auto,>=latex',every node/.append style={font=\scriptsize}]

    %DEFINIZIONE BLOCCHI
    \node [input,name=input] {};
    \node [sum,right=of input] (speed_sum) {};
    \node [block,right=of speed_sum] (speed_controller) {$C_{\mathrm{vel}}(s)$};
    \node [gain, right=2cm of speed_controller] (Kt) {$K_{t}$};
    \node [block, right=of Kt] (gvm) {$G_{vM}(s)$};
    \node [block,right=of gvm] (elastico) {\drawspring}; % <--------- draw the spring here in the node
    \node [output, right=of elastico] (output) {};

    %DEFINIZIONE COLLEGAMENTI IN CATENA DIRETTA
    \draw [->] (input) -- node {$\omega_{M}^{\mathrm{DES}}(s)$}(speed_sum);
    \draw [->] (speed_sum) -- node {$E_{v}(s)$}(speed_controller);
    \draw [->] (speed_controller) -- node {$I^{\mathrm{DES}}(s)=I(s)$}(Kt);
    \draw [->] (Kt) -- node {$C_{\mathrm{M}}(s)$}(gvm);
    \draw [->] (gvm) -- node [name=motor_speed] {$s\theta_{M}(s)$}(elastico);
    \draw [->] (elastico) -- node [name=motor_speed] {$s\theta_{C}(s)$}(output);

    %DEFINIZIONE COLLEGAMENTI FEEDBACK
    \draw [->] (motor_speed) -- ++ (0,-2) -| node [pos=0.99] {$-$} (speed_sum);
    \end{tikzpicture}
    \caption{Anello di controllo di velocit\`a nel caso co-locato}
    \label{fig:speed_loop_colocato}
\end{figure}
\end{document}

输出

输出图像

答案2

对于线圈符号，请参阅以下答案：在 TikZ 中绘制机械弹簧

如果您想在其他地方重复该符号，请尝试在某处很好地绘制该符号，然后使用图片重新使用它：

\tikzset{ coil/.pic={
\draw (0.1,0) -- (0.2,1) -- (0.4,-1) -- (0.6,1) -- (0.8,-1) --(0.9,0) % and so on
}
}

然后将其与 一起使用\tikz (0,0) \draw pic{coil}。如果您不需要调整其大小，效果很好。从您的问题来看，这似乎就是您想要的，只是以某种方式绘制的符号。您可以pic{coil}像调用任何其他坐标一样在节点处调用 。

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