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如何将字母放在箭头 tikz 下方？

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如何将字母放在箭头 tikz 下方？

我目前正在使用 Tikz 绘制通量图。您知道如何在箭头下方放置字母“Sim”（是）和“Não”（否）吗？

谢谢。

我的MWE

\documentclass[11pt]{report}
 % Fluxograma
\usepackage{tikz}
%\usetikzlibrary{shapes.geometric, arrows}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows, positioning, shapes.geometric}
\tikzstyle{startstop} = [rectangle, rounded corners, minimum width=3cm, minimum height=1cm,text centered, draw=black, fill=red!30]
\tikzstyle{io} = [trapezium, trapezium left angle=70, trapezium right angle=110, minimum width=3cm, minimum height=1cm, text centered, draw=black, fill=blue!30]
\tikzstyle{process} = [rectangle, minimum width=3cm, minimum height=1cm, text centered, draw=black, fill=orange!30]
\tikzstyle{decision} = [diamond, minimum width=1cm, minimum height=1cm, text centered, draw=black, fill=green!30]
\tikzstyle{arrow} = [thick,->,>=stealth]

\begin{document}

\begin{figure}[h!]
    \centering
\begin{tikzpicture}[node distance=1.5cm]
\centering
\node (start) [startstop] {Início do Processamento};
\node (pro2a) [process, below of=start] {Definir os Métodos de Solução};
        \draw [arrow] (start) -- (pro2a);
\node (pro2b) [process, below of=pro2a] {Definir os Controlos da Solução};
        \draw [arrow] (pro2a) -- (pro2b);
\node (pro2c) [process, below of=pro2b] {Definir os Monitores da Solução};
        \draw [arrow] (pro2b) -- (pro2c);
\node (pro2d) [process, below of=pro2c] {Inicializar a Simulação};
        \draw [arrow] (pro2c) -- (pro2d);
\node (pro2e) [process, below of=pro2d] {Efetuar o cálculo numérico};
        \draw [arrow] (pro2d) -- (pro2e);
\node (dec1)  [decision, below of=pro2e, yshift=-2cm] {Verificar convergência};
\node (pro2f) [process, right of=dec1, xshift=7cm] {Modificar paramêtros da malha ou da Solução};
            \draw [arrow] (pro2e) -- (dec1);
    \draw [arrow] (dec1) -- node[anchor=east] {Não} (pro2f);
\node (dec2)  [decision, below of=dec1, yshift=-3.5cm] {Verificar Exactidão};
    \draw [arrow] (dec1) -- node[anchor=south] {Sim} (dec2);
    %   \draw [arrow] (dec2) -- node[anchor=south] {yes} (stop);
\node (stop) [startstop, below of=dec2, yshift=-2cm] {Fim do Processamento};
        \draw [arrow] (dec2) -- node[anchor=south] {Sim} (stop);
            \draw [arrow] (dec2) -| node[anchor=east] (-1,0) {Não} (pro2f);
%\node (out1) [io, below of=pro2a] {Output};
\end{tikzpicture}
\caption[Propriedades Físicas de um escoamento]{Propriedades Físicas de um escoamento, retirado de \cite{Tu2013}.}
\label{flux:fluxograma}
\end{figure}

在此处输入图片描述

答案1

为了说明如何以更简洁的方式编写这个简单的流程图，以及如何使用正确的语法进行定位（不是... of= ...而是...=of ...使用positioning库），而不是过时的\tikzstyle使用，并且对于有更多预定义样式的情况，我建议给专用于绘制流程图的\tikzset名称。\tikzset

在下面的 MWE 中，使用了另外两个库：chains和quotes分别用于定位节点和标记边。对于箭头，我建议使用arrows.meta库而不是arrows。对于简单的节点连接（不标记边），使用join宏非常方便，我将其添加到base节点定义中：

\documentclass[11pt]{report}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}

\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows.meta, chains, positioning, quotes, shapes.geometric}

 \makeatletter % because join reset definition contain @
\tikzset{flowchart/.style={
     base/.style = {draw, text width=42mm, minimum height=1cm,
                    align=flush center, on chain, join=by arrow},
startstop/.style = {base, rounded corners,  fill=red!30},
       io/.style = {trapezium, 
                    trapezium left angle=70, trapezium right angle=110,
                    trapezium stretches=true,
                    base, fill=blue!30},
  process/.style = {base, fill=orange!30},
 decision/.style = {diamond, draw, minimum width=1cm, aspect=1.5, 
                    align=center, fill=green!30, on chain, join=by arrow},
    arrow/.style = {semithick,-Stealth},
join reset/.code = {\def\tikz@after@path{}} % for disconnecting of join arrows between nodes
                            },
        }% end of tikzset
\makeatother


\begin{document}
    \begin{figure}[h]
\centering
    \begin{tikzpicture}[flowchart,
node distance = 6mm and 12mm,
  start chain = going below
                        ]
\node (start) [startstop]   {Início do Processamento};
\node (pro2a) [process]     {Definir os Métodos de Solução};
\node (pro2b) [process]     {Definir os Controlos da Solução};
\node (pro2c) [process]     {Definir os Monitores da Solução};
\node (pro2d) [process]     {Inicializar a Simulação};
\node (pro2e) [process]     {Efetuar o cálculo numérico};
\node (dec1)  [decision]    {Verificar convergência};
\node (dec2)  [decision]    {Verificar Exactidão};
\node (stop)  [startstop]   {Fim do Processamento};
%
\node (pro2f) [process, join reset,
               right=of dec1] {Modificar paramêtros da malha ou da Solução};
%
\draw [arrow] (dec1) to ["Sim"] (dec2);
\draw [arrow] (dec2) to ["Sim"] (stop);
\draw [arrow] (pro2f) |- (pro2e);
\draw [arrow] (dec1) to ["Não"] (pro2f);
\draw [arrow] (dec2) -| node[right] {Não} (pro2f);
\end{tikzpicture}
    \caption[]{my caption}
\label{flux:fluxograma_Fase_de_Processamento}
    \end{figure}
\end{document}

在此处输入图片描述

如您所见，我略微改变了流程图样式。现在所有元素的宽度都相同，并且在某些情况下，当文本长度超过节点宽度时，它会被分成更多（两）行。如果您不喜欢这样，只需将base/.style选项替换text width为minimum width并删除即可align=flush center。

答案2

Torbjorn T.，是的。谢谢你的帮助！我使用东、南、西来解决问题

现在结果：

\documentclass[11pt]{report}
 % Fluxograma
\usepackage{tikz}
%\usetikzlibrary{shapes.geometric, arrows}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows, positioning, shapes.geometric}
\tikzstyle{startstop} = [rectangle, rounded corners, minimum width=3cm, minimum height=1cm,text centered, draw=black, fill=red!30]
\tikzstyle{io} = [trapezium, trapezium left angle=70, trapezium right angle=110, minimum width=3cm, minimum height=1cm, text centered, draw=black, fill=blue!30]
\tikzstyle{process} = [rectangle, minimum width=3cm, minimum height=1cm, text centered, draw=black, fill=orange!30]
\tikzstyle{decision} = [diamond, minimum width=1cm, minimum height=1cm, text centered, draw=black, fill=green!30]
\tikzstyle{arrow} = [thick,->,>=stealth]

\begin{document}
\begin{figure}[h!]
    \centering
\begin{tikzpicture}[node distance=1.5cm]
\centering
\node (start) [startstop] {Início do Processamento};
\node (pro2a) [process, below of=start] {Definir os Métodos de Solução};
        \draw [arrow] (start) -- (pro2a);
\node (pro2b) [process, below of=pro2a] {Definir os Controlos da Solução};
        \draw [arrow] (pro2a) -- (pro2b);
\node (pro2c) [process, below of=pro2b] {Definir os Monitores da Solução};
        \draw [arrow] (pro2b) -- (pro2c);
\node (pro2d) [process, below of=pro2c] {Inicializar a Simulação};
        \draw [arrow] (pro2c) -- (pro2d);
\node (pro2e) [process, below of=pro2d] {Efetuar o cálculo numérico};
        \draw [arrow] (pro2d) -- (pro2e);
\node (dec1)  [decision, below of=pro2e, yshift=-2cm] {Verificar convergência};
\node (pro2f) [process, right of=dec1, xshift=7cm] {Modificar paramêtros da malha ou da Solução};
            \draw [arrow] (pro2e) -- (dec1);
            \draw [arrow] (pro2f) |- (pro2e);
    \draw [arrow] (dec1) -- node[anchor=south] {Não} (pro2f);
\node (dec2)  [decision, below of=dec1, yshift=-3.5cm] {Verificar Exactidão};
    \draw [arrow] (dec1) -- node[anchor=east] {Sim} (dec2);
    %   \draw [arrow] (dec2) -- node[anchor=south] {yes} (stop);
\node (stop) [startstop, below of=dec2, yshift=-2cm] {Fim do Processamento};
        \draw [arrow] (dec2) -- node[anchor=east] {Sim} (stop);
            **\draw [arrow] (dec2) -| node[anchor=west] {Não} (pro2f);**
%\node (out1) [io, below of=pro2a] {Output};
\end{tikzpicture}
\caption[]
\label{flux:fluxograma_Fase_de_Processamento}
\end{figure}

在此处输入图片描述

答案3

您可以链接样式定义，从而轻松一致地更改流程图的格式。

梅威瑟：

\documentclass[11pt]{report}
 % Fluxograma
\usepackage{tikz}
%\usetikzlibrary{shapes.geometric, arrows}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows, positioning, shapes.geometric}
\tikzstyle{startstop} = [rectangle, rounded corners, minimum width=3cm, minimum height=1cm,text centered, draw=black, fill=red!30]
\tikzstyle{io} = [trapezium, trapezium left angle=70, trapezium right angle=110, minimum width=3cm, minimum height=1cm, text centered, draw=black, fill=blue!30]
\tikzstyle{process} = [rectangle, minimum width=3cm, minimum height=1cm, text centered, draw=black, fill=orange!30]
\tikzstyle{decision} = [diamond, minimum width=1cm, minimum height=1cm, text centered, draw=black, fill=green!30]
\tikzstyle{arrow} = [thick,->,>=stealth]
\tikzstyle{nodestyle} = [near start]           % <--- added
\tikzstyle{yesnode} = [nodestyle,xshift=1em]   % <--- added
\tikzstyle{nonode} = [nodestyle,yshift=-1em]   % <--- added

\begin{document}

\begin{figure}[h!]
    \centering
\begin{tikzpicture}[node distance=1.5cm]
\centering
\node (start) [startstop] {Início do Processamento};
\node (pro2a) [process, below of=start] {Definir os Métodos de Solução};
        \draw [arrow] (start) -- (pro2a);
\node (pro2b) [process, below of=pro2a] {Definir os Controlos da Solução};
        \draw [arrow] (pro2a) -- (pro2b);
\node (pro2c) [process, below of=pro2b] {Definir os Monitores da Solução};
        \draw [arrow] (pro2b) -- (pro2c);
\node (pro2d) [process, below of=pro2c] {Inicializar a Simulação};
        \draw [arrow] (pro2c) -- (pro2d);
\node (pro2e) [process, below of=pro2d] {Efetuar o cálculo numérico};
        \draw [arrow] (pro2d) -- (pro2e);
\node (dec1)  [decision, below of=pro2e, yshift=-2cm] {Verificar convergência};
\node (pro2f) [process, right of=dec1, xshift=7cm] {Modificar paramêtros da malha ou da Solução};
            \draw [arrow] (pro2e) -- (dec1);
    \draw [arrow] (dec1) -- node[nonode] {Não} (pro2f);   % <--- using nodestyle "nonode"
\node (dec2)  [decision, below of=dec1, yshift=-3.5cm] {Verificar Exactidão};
    \draw [arrow] (dec1) -- node[yesnode] {Sim} (dec2);   % <--- using nodestyle "yesnode"
    %   \draw [arrow] (dec2) -- node[anchor=south] {yes} (stop);
\node (stop) [startstop, below of=dec2, yshift=-2cm] {Fim do Processamento};
        \draw [arrow] (dec2) -- node[yesnode] {Sim} (stop);
            \draw [arrow] (dec2) -| node[nonode] (-1,0) {Não} (pro2f);
%\node (out1) [io, below of=pro2a] {Output};
\end{tikzpicture}
\caption[Propriedades Físicas de um escoamento]{Propriedades Físicas de um escoamento, retirado de \cite{Tu2013}.}
\label{flux:fluxograma}
\end{figure}
\end{document}

在此处输入图片描述

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