矩阵的 LaTeX 文件

Question

我正在尝试排版图中所示的矩阵，我考虑过很多例子，特别是 easybmat。但没有比我下面给出的方法更接近的方法了。然而，它并没有达到我想要的准确度。有没有办法让图表更接近所需的图片？

这是我的代码：

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{multirow}
\usepackage{easybmat}

\begin{document}

\[
\sbox0{$\begin{array}{c |}a_1\\ \hline\end{array}$}
\sbox1{$\begin{array}{c c |}b_1&b_2\\ \hline\end{array}$}
\sbox2{$\begin{array}{c c c |}c_1& \  c_2&c_3\\ \hline\end{array}$}
\sbox3{$\begin{array}{c c c c |}...&...&... &...\\ \hline\end{array}$}
\sbox4{$\begin{array}{c c c c c |}...&...&...&...&...\\ \hline\end{array}$}
\sbox5{$\begin{array}{c c c c c c |}\alpha_n &\beta_n&\gamma_n&\epsilon_n&\delta_n& ...............\\ \hline\end{array}$}
%
A=\left(
\begin{array}{c c c c c c c }
\usebox{0} \ a_2 \ \ \ a_3 \ \ a_4 \ a_5 \ ... \ ... \ ... \ ... \ ... \ a_n\\
\usebox{1} \ b_3 \ \ b_4 \ b_5 \ ... \ ... \ ... \ ... \ ... \ b_n\\
\usebox{2} \ c_4 \ c_5 \ ... \ ... \ ... \ ... \ ..\ c_n\\
\usebox{3} \ ... \ ... \ ... \ ... \ ... \ ... \ ... \\
\usebox{4} \ ... \ ... \ ... \ ... \ ... \\
\usebox{5} \\
\end{array}
\right)
\]

\end{document}

Answer 1

您还可以使用tikz matrix：

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{amsmath,tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{matrix, positioning}

\begin{document}
    \begin{equation}
    A=\begin{tikzpicture}[baseline=-.8ex] 
    \matrix[%
    matrix of math nodes,
    nodes in empty cells,
    column 6/.style={nodes={text width=1.2em}},
    nodes={minimum height=4ex, text width=1.5em, align=center, inner sep=4pt},
    left delimiter={(},right delimiter={)}, 
    inner xsep=-1pt, column sep=0pt, 
    ] (m)
    {%
        a_1 & a_2 & a_3 & a_4 & \dots &[2pt] a_n \\
        b_1 & b_2 & b_3 & b_4 & \dots & b_n \\
        c_1 & c_2 & c_3 & c_4 & \dots & c_n \\
        \dots & \dots & \dots & \dots & \dots & \dots \\
        \alpha_{n} &\beta_{n}&\gamma_{n}&\delta_{n}& \dots & \mu_{n} \\
    };
    \foreach \n in {1,...,3}{%
        \draw [->] (m-\n-1.south west) -- (m-\n-\n.south east) -- (m-1-\n.north east)  node[above]{$P_{\n}$};
    }
    \draw [->] (m-4-1.south west) -- (m-4-5.south east) -- (m-1-5.north east)  node[above]{$P_{n}$};
    \end{tikzpicture}
    \end{equation}
\end{document}

Answer 2

您可以使用tikzmark库来标记线连接处的点，然后使用正常tikz路径绘制这些线

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{amsmath,tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{tikzmark}

\begin{document} 

\[
A=\left(
\begin{array}{*7c}
 \tikzmark{11}\,a_2\,\tikzmark{12}  & a_3  & a_4  & a_5 & \dots & \dots& a_n\\
 \tikzmark{21}\,b_3  & \,b_4\,\tikzmark{22}  & b_5  & \dots& \dots& \dots& b_n\\
 \tikzmark{31}\,c_4  & c_5  & \dots\tikzmark{32}& \dots& \dots& \dots& c_n\\
 \tikzmark{41}\dots& \dots& \dots& \dots\tikzmark{42}& \dots& \dots& \dots\\
 \tikzmark{51}\dots& \dots& \dots& \dots& \dots\tikzmark{52}& \dots& \dots \\
\end{array}
\right)
\]

\begin{tikzpicture}[remember picture, overlay]
\foreach \n in {1,...,5}
\draw [->] ([yshift=-3pt]pic cs:\n1) -- ([yshift=-3pt]pic cs:\n2) --++(0,\n\baselineskip)node[above]{$p_\n$};
\end{tikzpicture}

\end{document}

Answer 3

pNiceArray这是使用和 Tikz 的解决方案nicematrix。

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{nicematrix,tikz}

\begin{document}

$\begin{pNiceArray}[margin]{cccccc}
a_1 & a_2 & a_3 & a_4 & \cdots & a_n \\
b_1 & b_2 & b_3 & b_3 & \cdots & b_n \\
c_1 & c_2 & c_3 & c_4 & \cdots & c_n \\
\cdots & \cdots & \cdots & \cdots & \cdots & \cdots \\
\alpha_n & \beta_n & \gamma_n & \delta_n & \cdots & \mu_n \\
\CodeAfter
  \begin{tikzpicture} [->]
    \draw (2-|1) -| (1-|2) node [above] {$P_1$} ;
    \draw (3-|1) -| (1-|3) node [above] {$P_2$} ;
    \draw (4-|1) -| (1-|4) node [above] {$P_3$} ;
    \draw (5-|1) -| (1-|6) node [above] {$P_n$} ;
  \end{tikzpicture}
\end{pNiceArray}$

\end{document}

您需要多次编译（因为使用了 PGF/Tikz 节点nicematrix）。