参考书目。从 (thebibliography) 到 Biblatex、Biber？

Question

我使用 Xelatex 已有好几年了。但我从未理解如何使用 Latex 制作参考书目。{thebibliography} 对我来说非常有用，因为它让我可以轻松获得自己的风格。现在我有这么多参考文献，我需要使用 Biblatex 吗？Biber？我很困惑，现在该怎么办。那么，我该如何开始使用 Latex 的各种功能，同时保持我习惯的风格。

我可以生成一个.bib文件，但是应该在序言中写些什么，以使其看起来好像什么都没有改变。

我非常感谢每一个提示......

    \documentclass[12pt,headsepline,pagesize=auto,ngerman,greek,hebrew,english,russian,latin,bibliography=totocnumbered,twoside]{scrreprt}\usepackage[a4paper,left=2.25cm, right=2.5cm,top=2.75cm,bottom=2.25cm]{geometry}
\usepackage{blindtext}
\usepackage{cite}
\renewcommand{\citeleft}{}
\renewcommand{\citeright}{.}
\renewcommand{\thefootnote}{\arabic{footnote}} 
\deffootnote{2em}{2.5em}{\makebox[2em][l]{\textsuperscript{\thefootnotemark}}} 
\let\footnoteold=\footnote\renewcommand{\footnote}[1]{\renewcommand{\baselinestretch}{1.0}\footnoteold{#1}} 
\raggedbottom
\newcommand{\enquote}[1]{»#1«}


\begin{document}

Book\footnote{Vgl. \cite[123]{serresparasit}}

Article\footnote{Vgl. \cite[123]{Steiger}}

Article in a Book\footnote{Vgl. \cite[123]{rationalclowns}}

Internet\footnote{Vgl. \cite[123]{meeksaufsatz}}

\begin{thebibliography}{99} 
\itemindent -1cm
\leftmargin 1.25cm
\makeatletter
\renewcommand\@biblabel[1]{}
\makeatother
\providecommand{\natexlab}[1]{#1}
\providecommand{\url}[1]{\texttt{#1}}
\providecommand{\urlprefix}{URL }
\expandafter\ifx\csname urlstyle\endcsname\relax
\providecommand{\doi}[1]{doi:\discretionary{}{}{}#1}\else
\providecommand{\doi}{doi:\discretionary{}{}{}\begingroup
\urlstyle{rm}\Url}\fi \providecommand{\eprint}[2][]{\url{#2}}
\parskip 0pt minus 2pt

%\bibitem[{\textsc{}: \textit{} ()}]{}
%\textsc{} [] \textit{}, 
% : .
%bibfindex&&&
%\bibitem[{\textsc{}: \textit{} (1986)}]{}
%\textsc{} [] \enquote{}, 
% S.\,in:
% (Hg.), \textit{}, 
% : . 

\bibitem[{\textsc{Serres}: \textit{Der Parasit} (2014)}]{serresparasit} 
\textsc{Serres, Michel} [2014] \textit{Der Parasit}, Suhrkamp: Frankfurt am Main.

\bibitem[{\textsc{Meeks}: \textit{Economy of Grace and the Market Logic} (2004)}]{meeksaufsatz}
\textsc{Meeks, M. Douglas} [2004] \enquote{The Economy of Grace and the Market Logic}, 
 abgerufen am 13.12.2016 unter \url{http://www.councilofchurches.ca/xxx.pdf}. 

\bibitem[{\textsc{Sen}: \textit{Rationalclowns} (2014)}]{rationalclowns}
\textsc{Sen, Amartya K.} [2014] \enquote{Rationalclown: Eine Kritik der behavioristischen grundlagen der Wirtschaftstheorie}, 
 S.\,438--469 in: Honneth, Axel; Herzog, Lisa (Hgg.), \textit{Der Wert des Marktes: Ein ökonomisch-philosophischer Diskurs vom 18.\,Jahrhundert bis zur Gegenwart},  Suhrkamp: Berlin.

 \bibitem[{\textsc{Steiger}: \textit{Communicatio Idiomatum} (1996)}]{Steiger}
\textsc{Steiger, Johann Anselm} [1996] \enquote{Die communicatio idiomatum als Achse und Motor der Theologie Luthers},
 S.\,1--28 in: \textit{NZSTh 38}.

\end{thebibliography}
\end{document}

---

我制作了一个最小示例。我该如何定义自己的风格？是否可以像以前一样描述条目的外观，还是必须调整现有格式。

   %jobname NICHT ersetzen 
\begin{filecontents}{\jobname.bib} 
@webpage{meeksaufsatz,
    Author = {Douglas M. Meeks},
    Lastchecked = {13.12.2016},
    Title = {The Economy of Grace and the Market Logic},
    Url = {councilofchurches.ca},
    Year = {2004},
    shorttitle = {Economy of Grace}}

@incollection{rationalclowns,
    Address = {Berlin},
    Author = {Amartya K. Sen},
    Booktitle = {Der Wert des Marktes: Ein {\"o}konomisch-philosophischer Diskurs vom 18.\,Jahrhundert bis zur Gegenwart},
    Date-Added = {2017-08-09 09:08:10 +0000},
    Date-Modified = {2017-08-09 09:11:12 +0000},
    Editor = {Axel Honneth, Lisa Herzog,},
    Pages = {438-469},
    Publisher = {Suhrkamp},
    Title = {Rationalclown: Eine Kritik der behavioristischen grundlagen der Wirtschaftstheorie},
    Year = {2014},
    shorttitle = {Rationalclowns}}

@book{serresparasit,
    Address = {Frankfurt am Main},
    Author = {Michael Serres},
    Publisher = {Suhrkamp},
    Title = {Der Parasit},
    Year = {2014},
    shorttitle = {Parasit}}

@article{Steiger,
    Author = {Johann Anselm Steiger},
    Journal = {NZSTh},
    Pages = {1-28},
    Title = {Die communicatio idiomatum als Achse und Motor der Theologie Luthers},
    Volume = {38},
    Year = {1996},
    shorttitle = {Communication Idiomatum}}
} 

\end{filecontents} 
\documentclass[12pt,headsepline,pagesize=auto,ngerman,greek,hebrew,english,russian,latin,bibliography=totocnumbered,twoside]{scrreprt}\usepackage[a4paper,left=2.25cm, right=2.5cm,top=2.75cm,bottom=2.25cm]{geometry}
\usepackage{blindtext}
\renewcommand{\thefootnote}{\arabic{footnote}} 
\deffootnote{2em}{2.5em}{\makebox[2em][l]{\textsuperscript{\thefootnotemark}}} 
\let\footnoteold=\footnote\renewcommand{\footnote}[1]{\renewcommand{\baselinestretch}{1.0}\footnoteold{#1}} 
\raggedbottom


\usepackage[backend=biber,
citestyle=authoryear]{biblatex}
\addbibresource{\jobname.bib}

\begin{document}

Book\footnote{Vgl. \cite[123]{serresparasit}}

Article\footnote{Vgl. \cite[123]{Steiger}}
%
Article in a Book\footnote{Vgl. \cite[123]{rationalclowns}}
%
Internet\footnote{Vgl. \cite[123]{meeksaufsatz}}

%\bibitem[{\textsc{}: \textit{} ()}]{}
%\textsc{} [] \textit{}, 
% : .
%bibfindex&&&
%\bibitem[{\textsc{}: \textit{} (1986)}]{}
%\textsc{} [] \enquote{}, 
% S.\,in:  \textit{}.


\printbibliography


\end{document}

Answer 1

authoryear以下是使用样式和一些补丁来实现此目的的一种方法：

 \documentclass[12pt,headsepline,pagesize=auto, greek, hebrew, english, russian, latin , ngerman, bibliography=totocnumbered, twoside]{scrreprt}%
 \usepackage[a4paper, left=2.25cm, right=2.5cm, top=2.75cm, bottom=2.25cm]{geometry}
 \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
 \usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
 \usepackage{babel}
 \usepackage[german =swiss]{csquotes}
\usepackage{blindtext}
\usepackage{xpatch}
\usepackage[backend=biber, style=authoryear, sorting=none]{biblatex}
\addbibresource{demo.bib}
\renewcommand{\mkbibnamefamily}[1]{\textsc{#1}}
\renewcommand{\mkbibnamegiven}[1]{\textsc{#1}}
\xpatchbibmacro{date+extrayear}{%
\printtext[parens]}{%
\printtext[brackets]}{}{}

\renewbibmacro*{cite}{%
\printtext{Vgl.}
 \iffieldundef{shorthand}
 {\ifthenelse{\ifnameundef{labelname}\OR\iffieldundef{labelyear}}
 {\usebibmacro{cite:label}%
 \setunit{\printdelim{nonameyeardelim}}}
 {\printnames{labelname}%
 \setunit{\addcolon\addspace}
 \printfield{labeltitle}}
 \setunit{\printdelim{nameyeardelim}}}
\printfield[parens]{labelyear}}
 {\usebibmacro{cite:shorthand}}}

\DeclareFieldFormat{pages}{#1}
\DeclareFieldFormat{postnote}{#1}

\begin{document}

Book\footcite[123]{serresparasit}

Article\footcite[123]{Steiger}

Article in a Book\footcite[123]{rationalclowns}

Internet\footcite[123]{meeksaufsatz}

\printbibliography

\end{document}