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如何使得下图中$\alpha_1,\alpha_2,\alpha_3$之间的垂直距离相同

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如何使得下图中$\alpha_1,\alpha_2,\alpha_3$之间的垂直距离相同

看起来之间的垂直距离$\alpha_1,\alpha_2$大于$\alpha_2,\alpha_3$。我在下面发布了我的代码

\tikzset{%
    mypoint/.style={circle, fill=black},
    middlearrow/.style={% this code is from https://tex.stackexchange.com/a/39283/101651
        decoration={markings,
            mark= at position 0.5 with {\arrow[scale=2]{#1}} ,
        },
        postaction={decorate}
    }
}
\begin{tikzpicture}
    \matrix[column sep=2.5em, row sep=8ex, inner sep=0pt, minimum width=4pt] {%
        %first row
        \node (startrow1) {}; &&&
        \node[mypoint, label={[above,yshift=2pt]$\binom{\alpha_3}{0}$}] (B1) {}; &&
        \node[mypoint, label={[above,yshift=2pt]$\binom{\alpha_3}{1}$}] (B2) {}; &&
        %\node[mypoint, label={[above,yshift=2pt]$\beta_{3}$}] (B3) {}; &&
        \node[text width=3em, align=center] (endrow1) {$\alpha_3$};
        \\
        %second row
        \node (startrow2) {}; &&
        \node[mypoint, label={[below,yshift=-22pt] $\binom{\alpha_2}{0}$}] (A1) {}; &&
        \node[mypoint, label={[below,yshift=-22pt] $\binom{\alpha_2}{1}$}] (A2) {}; &&
        \node[mypoint, label={[below,yshift=-22pt] $\binom{\alpha_2}{2}$}] (A3) {}; &&
        \node[text width=2.5em, align=center] (endrow2) {$\alpha_2$};
        \\
         %third row
        \node (startrow3) {}; &
        \node[mypoint, label={[below,yshift=-22pt]$\binom{\alpha_1}{0}$}] (C1) {}; &&
        \node[mypoint, label={[below,yshift=-22pt]$\binom{\alpha_1}{1}$}] (C2) {}; &&
        \node[mypoint, label={[below,yshift=-22pt]$\binom{\alpha_1}{2}$}] (C3) {}; &&
        \node[mypoint, label={[below,yshift=-22pt]$\binom{\alpha_1}{3}$}] (C4) {}; &&
        \node[text width=2.0em, align=center] (endrow3) {$\alpha_1$};
        \\
        };
    \draw[dashed] (startrow1) -- (B1)
    (B2) -- (endrow1)
    (startrow2) -- (A1)
    (A3) -- (endrow2)
    (startrow3) -- (C1)
    (C3) -- (endrow3);
    \draw[middlearrow={<}] (B1) -- (B2);
   % \draw[middlearrow={<}] (B2) -- (B3);
    \draw[middlearrow={<}] (A1) -- (A2);
    \draw[middlearrow={<}] (A2) -- (A3);
    \draw[middlearrow={>}, dashed] (A1) -- (B1);
    \draw[middlearrow={>}] (B1) -- (A2);
    \draw[middlearrow={>}] (A2) -- (B2);
    \draw[middlearrow={>}] (B2) -- (A3);
  %  \draw[middlearrow={>}, dashed] (A3) -- (B3);
     \draw[middlearrow={<}] (C1) -- (C2);
    \draw[middlearrow={<}] (C2) -- (C3);
    \draw[middlearrow={<}] (C3) -- (C4);
    \draw[middlearrow={>}, dashed] (C1) -- (A1);
    \draw[middlearrow={<}] (C2) -- (A1);
    \draw[middlearrow={<}] (C2) -- (A2);
    \draw[middlearrow={<}] (A2) -- (C3);
    \draw[middlearrow={<}] (C3) -- (A3);
    \draw[middlearrow={>}, dashed] (A3) -- (C4);
\end{tikzpicture}

答案1

节点完成后，列和行之间的距离是固定的。然后由于第二行节点下方包含标签，因此第三行点放置8ex在标签下方，而不是第二行点下方。

您可以先绘制点矩阵，然后添加二项式标签，或者phantom在第一行包含一个标签以强制行之间的距离相似，如下面的代码所示：

\documentclass[tikz,border=2mm]{standalone} 
\usetikzlibrary{positioning, matrix, decorations.markings}
\usepackage{mathtools}

\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[%
    mypoint/.style={circle, fill=black},
    middlearrow/.style={% this code is from https://tex.stackexchange.com/a/39283/101651
        decoration={markings,
            mark= at position 0.5 with {\arrow[scale=2]{#1}} ,
        },
        postaction={decorate}
    }
]
    \matrix[column sep=2.5em, row sep=8ex, inner sep=0pt, minimum width=4pt] {%
        %first row
        \node (startrow1) {}; &&&
        \node[mypoint, label={[above,yshift=2pt]$\binom{\alpha_3}{0}$},
                            label={[below,yshift=-22pt] \phantom{$\binom{\alpha_2}{0}$}}] (B1) {}; &&
        \node[mypoint, label={[above,yshift=2pt]$\binom{\alpha_3}{1}$}] (B2) {}; &&
        %\node[mypoint, label={[above,yshift=2pt]$\beta_{3}$}] (B3) {}; &&
        \node[text width=3em, align=center] (endrow1) {$\alpha_3$};
        \\
        %second row
        \node (startrow2) {}; &&
        \node[mypoint, label={[below,yshift=-22pt] $\binom{\alpha_2}{0}$}] (A1) {}; &&
        \node[mypoint, label={[below,yshift=-22pt] $\binom{\alpha_2}{1}$}] (A2) {}; &&
        \node[mypoint, label={[below,yshift=-22pt] $\binom{\alpha_2}{2}$}] (A3) {}; &&
        \node[text width=2.5em, align=center] (endrow2) {$\alpha_2$};
        \\
         %third row
        \node (startrow3) {}; &
        \node[mypoint, label={[below,yshift=-22pt]$\binom{\alpha_1}{0}$}] (C1) {}; &&
        \node[mypoint, label={[below,yshift=-22pt]$\binom{\alpha_1}{1}$}] (C2) {}; &&
        \node[mypoint, label={[below,yshift=-22pt]$\binom{\alpha_1}{2}$}] (C3) {}; &&
        \node[mypoint, label={[below,yshift=-22pt]$\binom{\alpha_1}{3}$}] (C4) {}; &&
        \node[text width=2.0em, align=center] (endrow3) {$\alpha_1$};
        \\
        };
    \draw[dashed] (startrow1) -- (B1)
    (B2) -- (endrow1)
    (startrow2) -- (A1)
    (A3) -- (endrow2)
    (startrow3) -- (C1)
    (C3) -- (endrow3);
    \draw[middlearrow={<}] (B1) -- (B2);
   % \draw[middlearrow={<}] (B2) -- (B3);
    \draw[middlearrow={<}] (A1) -- (A2);
    \draw[middlearrow={<}] (A2) -- (A3);
    \draw[middlearrow={>}, dashed] (A1) -- (B1);
    \draw[middlearrow={>}] (B1) -- (A2);
    \draw[middlearrow={>}] (A2) -- (B2);
    \draw[middlearrow={>}] (B2) -- (A3);
  %  \draw[middlearrow={>}, dashed] (A3) -- (B3);
     \draw[middlearrow={<}] (C1) -- (C2);
    \draw[middlearrow={<}] (C2) -- (C3);
    \draw[middlearrow={<}] (C3) -- (C4);
    \draw[middlearrow={>}, dashed] (C1) -- (A1);
    \draw[middlearrow={<}] (C2) -- (A1);
    \draw[middlearrow={<}] (C2) -- (A2);
    \draw[middlearrow={<}] (A2) -- (C3);
    \draw[middlearrow={<}] (C3) -- (A3);
    \draw[middlearrow={>}, dashed] (A3) -- (C4);
    \end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

在此处输入图片描述

答案2

问题似乎与点的标签有关。您可以yshift=-27pt对第一行中的所有点使用 （也许可以稍微调整 的值yshift）。这样，第一行的标签将出现在点下方，并且 α₁,α₂ 和 α₂,α₃ 之间的空间将相等。

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