我有以下代码：
\documentclass[a4paper]{report}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage[french]{babel}
\usepackage{float}
\usepackage[justification=centering]{caption}
\usepackage{mathtools}
\usepackage[pdftex]{graphicx}
\usepackage{setspace}
\usepackage[usenames, dvipsnames, pdftex]{xcolor}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc} % Support for french language
\usepackage{wordlike}
\usepackage{txfonts}
\usepackage{tipa}
\usepackage{pgfplots}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows,shadows,positioning}
\begin{document}
\setlength{\tabcolsep}{2pt}
\begin{figure}[H]
\centering
\begin{tikzpicture}
[
node distance = 8mm and 8mm,
Node/.style={minimum size = 0.5cm, inner sep = 0pt},
]
\node[Node] (1) {Phonèmes};
\node[Node] (2) [below left = of 1] {Semi-consonnes};
\node[Node] (3) [left = of 2] {Voyelles};
\node[Node] (4) [below right= of 1] {Consonnes};
\node[Node] (5) [below left = of 3] {Orales};
\node[Node] (6) [right = of 5] {Nasales};
\node[Node] (7) [below left = 8mm and 25mm of 4] {Liquides};
\node[Node] (8) [right = 12mm of 7] {Nasales};
\node[Node] (9) [right = of 8] {Fricatives};
\node[Node] (10)[right = of 9] {Occlusives};
%\begin{scope}[below of=2, yshift=3cm]
\node[align=left] (11)[below = of 5] {
\begin{tabular} {l l}
\multicolumn{2}{c}{}\\
i&(I)\\
e&(EI)\\
$\epsilon$&(AI)\\
a&(A)\\
\textipa{O}&(O)\\
u&(OU)\\
y&(U)\\
$\varphi$&(EU)\\
\oe&(\OE)\\
\textipa{@}&(E)\\
o&(AU)\\
a&(A) % Must verify
\end{tabular}
};
\node[align=left] (12)[below = of 6] {
\begin{tabular} {l l}
\multicolumn{2}{c}{}\\
$\tilde{\epsilon}$&(IN)\\
$\tilde{\text{\oe}}$&(UN)\\
\\
$\tilde{\text{a}}$&(AN)\\
$\tilde{\supset}$&(ON)
\end{tabular}
};
\node[align=left] (13)[below = of 2] {
\begin{tabular} {l l}
%\multicolumn{2}{c}{}\\
j&(Y)\\
w&(W)\\
y&(UI)
\end{tabular}
};
\node[align=left] (14) [below = of 7] {
\begin{tabular} {l l}
\multicolumn{2}{c}{}\\
l&(L)\\
R&(R)
\end{tabular}
};
\node[align=left] (15) [below = of 8] {
\begin{tabular} {l l}
\multicolumn{2}{c}{}\\
m&(M)\\
n&(N)\\ % To be verified
\textltailn&(GN)
\end{tabular}
};
\node[align=left] (16) [right = -3mm of 15] {
\begin{tabular}{l l}
\multicolumn{2}{c}{Voisées}\\
v & (V)\\
z & (Z)\\
\textipa{Z} & (J)
\end{tabular}
};
\node[align=left] (16) [below right = 8mm and -9mm of 9] {
\begin{tabular}{l l}
\multicolumn{2}{c}{Non-voisées}\\
f & (F)\\
s & (S)\\
\textipa{S} & (CH)\\
\end{tabular}
};
\node[align=left] (16) [below right = 8mm and -13mm of 10] {
\begin{tabular}{l l}
\multicolumn{2}{c}{Voisées}\\
b & (B)\\
d & (D)\\
g & (G)
\end{tabular}
};
\node[align=left] (16) [right = -3mm of 16] {
\begin{tabular}{l l}
\multicolumn{2}{c}{Non-voisées}\\
p & (P)\\
t & (T)\\
k & (K)
\end{tabular}
};
%\end{scope}
\draw[-stealth, thick]
(1.south) edge (2.north)
(1.south) edge (3.north)
(1.south) edge (4.north)
(3.south) edge (5.north)
(3.south) edge (6.north)
(4.south) edge (7.north)
(4.south) edge (8.north)
(4.south) edge (9.north)
(4.south) to (10.north);
\end{tikzpicture}
\caption{Phonèmes de la langue française}
\end{figure}
\end{document}
代码给出以下内容：
我遇到的问题是，我想将“Semi-consonnes”下面的字符与所有其他字符垂直对齐。因此，我决定使用范围来放置所有字母节点（范围命令已在代码中注释），但垂直对齐不起作用。
欢迎提出任何意见或建议，提前致谢
答案1
改编：
- 使用
\usetikzlibrary{calc}来计算节点 13 的位置below =0pt of $(2 |- 12.north)$。 - 或者没有
calc：（\node[align=left,anchor=north] (13) at (12.north -|2)正如 Torbjørn T. 在评论中所建议的那样） - 我用红色 ( ) 绘制了两个节点 (12 和 13) 的框架
draw=red，以便您可以看到它是如何对齐的。
代码：
\documentclass[a4paper]{report}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage[french]{babel}
\usepackage{float}
\usepackage[justification=centering]{caption}
\usepackage{mathtools}
\usepackage[pdftex]{graphicx}
\usepackage{setspace}
\usepackage[usenames, dvipsnames, pdftex]{xcolor}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc} % Support for french language
\usepackage{wordlike}
\usepackage{txfonts}
\usepackage{tipa}
\usepackage{pgfplots}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows, shadows, positioning, calc}
\begin{document}
\setlength{\tabcolsep}{2pt}
\begin{figure}[H]
\centering
\begin{tikzpicture}
[
node distance = 8mm and 8mm,
Node/.style={minimum size = 0.5cm, inner sep = 0pt},
]
\node[Node] (1) {Phonèmes};
\node[Node] (2) [below left = of 1] {Semi-consonnes};
\node[Node] (3) [left = of 2] {Voyelles};
\node[Node] (4) [below right= of 1] {Consonnes};
\node[Node] (5) [below left = of 3] {Orales};
\node[Node] (6) [right = of 5] {Nasales};
\node[Node] (7) [below left = 8mm and 25mm of 4] {Liquides};
\node[Node] (8) [right = 12mm of 7] {Nasales};
\node[Node] (9) [right = of 8] {Fricatives};
\node[Node] (10)[right = of 9] {Occlusives};
%\begin{scope}[below of=2, yshift=3cm]
\node[align=left] (11)[below = of 5] {
\begin{tabular} {l l}
\multicolumn{2}{c}{}\\
i&(I)\\
e&(EI)\\
$\epsilon$&(AI)\\
a&(A)\\
\textipa{O}&(O)\\
u&(OU)\\
y&(U)\\
$\varphi$&(EU)\\
\oe&(\OE)\\
\textipa{@}&(E)\\
o&(AU)\\
a&(A) % Must verify
\end{tabular}
};
\node[align=left, draw=red] (12)[below = of 6] {
\begin{tabular} {l l}
\multicolumn{2}{c}{}\\
$\tilde{\epsilon}$&(IN)\\
$\tilde{\text{\oe}}$&(UN)\\
\\
$\tilde{\text{a}}$&(AN)\\
$\tilde{\supset}$&(ON)
\end{tabular}
};
\node[align=left, draw=red] (13) [below =0pt of $(2 |- 12.north)$] {
\begin{tabular} {l l}
\multicolumn{2}{c}{}\\
j&(Y)\\
w&(W)\\
y&(UI)
\end{tabular}
};
\node[align=left] (14) [below = of 7] {
\begin{tabular} {l l}
\multicolumn{2}{c}{}\\
l&(L)\\
R&(R)
\end{tabular}
};
\node[align=left] (15) [below = of 8] {
\begin{tabular} {l l}
\multicolumn{2}{c}{}\\
m&(M)\\
n&(N)\\ % To be verified
\textltailn&(GN)
\end{tabular}
};
\node[align=left] (16) [right = -3mm of 15] {
\begin{tabular}{l l}
\multicolumn{2}{c}{Voisées}\\
v & (V)\\
z & (Z)\\
\textipa{Z} & (J)
\end{tabular}
};
\node[align=left] (16) [below right = 8mm and -9mm of 9] {
\begin{tabular}{l l}
\multicolumn{2}{c}{Non-voisées}\\
f & (F)\\
s & (S)\\
\textipa{S} & (CH)\\
\end{tabular}
};
\node[align=left] (16) [below right = 8mm and -13mm of 10] {
\begin{tabular}{l l}
\multicolumn{2}{c}{Voisées}\\
b & (B)\\
d & (D)\\
g & (G)
\end{tabular}
};
\node[align=left] (16) [right = -3mm of 16] {
\begin{tabular}{l l}
\multicolumn{2}{c}{Non-voisées}\\
p & (P)\\
t & (T)\\
k & (K)
\end{tabular}
};
%\end{scope}
\draw[-stealth, thick]
(1.south) edge (2.north)
(1.south) edge (3.north)
(1.south) edge (4.north)
(3.south) edge (5.north)
(3.south) edge (6.north)
(4.south) edge (7.north)
(4.south) edge (8.north)
(4.south) edge (9.north)
(4.south) to (10.north);
\end{tikzpicture}
\caption{Phonèmes de la langue française}
\end{figure}
\end{document}
结果：
