表格格式问题：颜色、小数对齐、行和列尺寸

Question

我是 TeX 新手，到目前为止，我遇到了一些我无法自行解决的问题。我想知道如何在使用命令时为行着色，\multirow而不会只看到合并单元格的一半内容。此外，如何对齐小数位（使用“。”而不是“，”），同时保持在单元格的中心？最后，如何设置列宽（以及行高）？有时我不需要宽列，反之亦然。

先感谢您！！

\usepackage{multirow}
\usepackage{longtable}
\usepackage{tabularx}
\usepackage{xcolor}

\begin{figure}[H]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.7\textwidth]{figures/filtrsecr}
\caption{Models of excretion rate for different molecules.}
\label{filtrsecr}
\end{figure}

\begin{table}[!h]
    \centering
     \small
        \setlength\tabcolsep{2pt}
    \begin{tabular}{|c||c|c|c|c|c|c|}
    \hline \hline
& Unit & Filtered load & Amount reabsorbed & Amount secreted & Amount excreted & Filtered load \\
& & &  &  &  & reabsorbed (\%) \\
 \hline
 \rowcolor{LightGreen}
$ Na^+ $ & $mEq/day$ & 25200 & 25410 & 0 & 150 & 99.4 \\
\rowcolor{Ivory}
$ Cl^- $ & $mEq/day$ & 18000 & 17850 & 0 & 150 & 99.2 \\
\rowcolor{LightGreen}
${HCO_3}^- $& $mEq/day$ & 4320 & 4318 & 0 & 2 & 99.9 \\
\rowcolor{Ivory}
$ K^+ $& $mEq/day$ & 720 & 620 & 50 & 100 & 86.1 \\

\multirow{2}{*}{\cellcolor{LightGreen} $Ca^{2+}$}
& \cellcolor{LightGreen} $mEq/day$ & \cellcolor{LightGreen} 540 & \cellcolor{LightGreen}530 & \cellcolor{LightGreen} 0 & \cellcolor{LightGreen} 10 & \cellcolor{LightGreen} 98.1 \\ 
\cellcolor{Ivory} & \cellcolor{Ivory} $mmol/day$ & \cellcolor{Ivory} 270 & \cellcolor{Ivory} 265 & \cellcolor{Ivory} 0 & \cellcolor{Ivory} 5 & \cellcolor{Ivory} 98.1 \\

\multirow{2}{*}{\cellcolor{LightGreen} ${HPO_4}^{2-}$}
& \cellcolor{LightGreen} $mEq/day$ & \cellcolor{LightGreen} 260 & \cellcolor{LightGreen} 234 & \cellcolor{LightGreen} 0 & \cellcolor{LightGreen} 26 & \cellcolor{LightGreen} 90 \\
\cellcolor{Ivory} & \cellcolor{Ivory} $mmol/day$ & \cellcolor{Ivory} 144 & \cellcolor{Ivory} 130 & \cellcolor{Ivory} 0 & \cellcolor{Ivory} 14 & \cellcolor{Ivory} 90 \\ 

\rowcolor{LightGreen}
$ Urea $ & $mmol/day$ & 870 & 460 & 0 & 410 & 52.9 \\
\rowcolor{Ivory}
$ Glucose $ & $mmol/day$ & 800 & 799.5 & 0 & 0.5 & 99.9 \\
\rowcolor{LightGreen}
$ Uric\ acid $ & $mmol/day$ & 50 & 49 & 4 & 5 & 98 \\
\rowcolor{Ivory}
$ Creatinine $ & $mmol/day$ & 12 & 0 & 1 & 12 & 0 \\
\rowcolor{LightGreen}
$ Total\ solute $ & $mmol/day$ & 50386 & 49541.5 & 55 & 848.5 & 98 \\
\rowcolor{Ivory}
$ Water $ & $ml/day$ & 180000 & 179000 & 0 & 1000 & 99.4 \\
    \hline \hline
    \end{tabular}
    \caption{Filtration, reabsorption, secretion and excretion rates referring to each substance \cite{RefWorks:130}.}
    \label{filtreabsecret}
\end{table}

Answer 1

这是一个解决方案，它需要更多软件包，其中包括 ，chemformula它有一个命令，可以以简单的方式输入化学公式和反应，以及makecell，它允许在标准单元格中换行。我建议使用 的设计，它看起来比带有彩色行的hhline默认 更漂亮。\hline

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage[showframe]{geometry}
\usepackage[demo]{graphicx}
\usepackage{tabularx, longtable, multirow, booktabs, hhline, makecell, cellspace}
\setlength{\cellspacetoplimit}{2pt}
\setlength{\cellspacebottomlimit}{2pt}
\usepackage{array}
\usepackage[table, svgnames]{xcolor}
\usepackage{chemformula}
\usepackage{siunitx}
\DeclareSIUnit{\mEq}{mEq}

\begin{document}

\begin{figure}[!htb]
  \centering
  \includegraphics[width=0.7\textwidth]{figures/filtrsecr}
  \sisetup{table-number-alignment=center}
  \caption{Models of excretion rate for different molecules.}
  \label{filtrsecr}
\end{figure}

\begin{table}[!h]
  \centering\renewcommand{\theadfont}{\small}
  \small\sisetup{per-mode=symbol}
  \setlength{\doublerulesep}{5pt}
  \rowcolors{3}{LightGreen}{Ivory}
  \begin{tabular}{|Cc||Cr|S[table-format=6.0]|S[table-format=6.1]| S[table-format=2.0]|S[table-format=4.1]|S[table-format=2.1]|}
    \hhline{~------}
    \multicolumn{1}{c|}{} & \multicolumn{1}{c|}{Unit} & {\thead{Filtered \\ load}} & {\thead{Amount\\ reabsorbed}} & {\thead{Amount\\ secreted}} & {\thead{Amount\\ excreted}} & {\thead{Filtered load\\ reabsorbed\\ (\%)}} \\
    \hhline{-::======:}
    \ch{Na+} & \si{\mEq/\day} & 25200 & 25410 & 0 & 150 & 99.4 \\
    \ch{Cl-} & \si{\mEq/\day} & 18000 & 17850 & 0 & 150 & 99.2 \\
    \ch{HCO_3-} & \si{\mEq/\day} & 4320 & 4318 & 0 & 2 & 99.9 \\
    \ch{K+ } & \si{\mEq/\day} & 720 & 620 & 50 & 100 & 86.1 \\
                                                            & \si{\mEq/\day} & 540 & 530 & 0 & 10 & 98.1 \\
    \multirow{-2}{*}{\cellcolor{Ivory}\ch{Ca^{2+}}} & \si{\mmol/\day} & 270 & 265 & 0 & 5 & 98.1 \\
    \cellcolor{LightGreen} & \si{\mEq/\day} & 260 & 234 & 0 & 26 & 90 \\
    \multirow{-2}{*}{\cellcolor{LightGreen}\ch{HPO_4^{2-}}} & \si{\mmol/\day} & 144 & 130 & 0 & 14 & 90 \\
    Urea & \si{\mmol/\day} & 870 & 460 & 0 & 410 & 52.9 \\
    Glucose & \si{\mmol/\day} & 800 & 799.5 & 0 & 0.5 & 99.9 \\
    Uric\ acid & \si{\mmol/\day} & 50 & 49 & 4 & 5 & 98 \\
    Creatinine & \si{\mmol/\day} & 12 & 0 & 1 & 12 & 0 \\
    Total\ solute & \si{\mmol/\day} & 50386 & 49541.5 & 55 & 848.5 & 98 \\
    Water & \si{\ml/\day} & 180000 & 179000 & 0 & 1000 & 99.4 \\
    \hhline{-||------}
  \end{tabular}
  \caption{Filtration, reabsorption, secretion and excretion rates referring to each substance \cite{RefWorks:130}.}
  \label{filtreabsecret}
\end{table}

\end{document}