修剪、裁剪和调整图片大小

Question

因为一张图片胜过千言万语，所以图片如下：

如果您更喜欢文字，我想根据给定的“框尺寸”对图片进行一些调整和裁剪。为此，我想做三件事：

1. 将图片放入框内，并尽可能地扩展它：我可以轻松地使用\includegraphics[width=..., height=...,keepaspectratio]
2. 做相反的事情：改变图像的大小，使她可以填满整个框，但图片尽可能保持小
3. 按照同样的想法，做与第 2 点相同的事情，但裁剪图片，以便只有适合框内的图片部分可见。我应该能够轻松地选择框上的锚点和图片上的锚点，这样我就可以选择将图像放在框中的位置。

我很确定如果我有 2 个，我可以通过使用 tikz crop 来做 3 个（也许有更好的方法？），但我不知道如何有效地做 2 个。我试图查看包 adjustbox，但找不到任何可以帮助我的东西，而且因为这个函数非常有用，所以在我之前没有人尝试为此写一些东西，这很奇怪......

有什么想法吗？谢谢！

Answer 1

经过一番痛苦，我终于想出了这个解决方案。如果您在任何时候找到更好/更短的解决方法，请告诉我！

\documentclass[]{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{calc}
\graphicspath{{photos/}} % on change la racine

% === Pictures ===
% \includeFitInsidePicture{<max width>}{<max height>}{<name>}
% Create the biggest picture whose size is at most <max width>
% and <max height>.
\newcommand{\includeFitInsidePicture}[3]{%
  \includegraphics[width=#1,height=#2,keepaspectratio]{#3}%
}

\makeatletter
\newsavebox{\mybox}
% \includeFitOutsidePicture{<min width>}{<max width>}{<name>}
% Create the smallest picture whose size is at least <min width>
% and <min height>.
\newcommand{\includeFitOutsidePicture}[3]{%
  \begingroup%
  \sbox{\mybox}{\includegraphics{#3}}%
  \dimen0=#1\relax%
  \dimen1=#2\relax%
  \dimen2=\wd\mybox\relax%
  \dimen3=\ht\mybox\relax%
  \dimen0=\dimexpr 1pt*\dimen0/\dimen1\relax%
  \dimen1=\dimexpr 1pt*\dimen2/\dimen3\relax%
  \ifnum\dimen0>\dimen1\relax%
  \includegraphics[width=#1]{#3}%
  \else%
  \includegraphics[height=#2]{#3}%
  \fi%
  \endgroup%
}
\makeatother

% \addCropPicture{<width>}{<height>}{<anchor box>}{<anchor picture>}{<name>}
% Create the smallest picture whose size is at least <min width>
% and <min height>, and crop the region outside the box such that the anchor
% of the picture <ancher picture> touch the anchor of the box <anchor box>.
% Most of the time you want <anchor box>=<anchor picture>
\newcommand{\addCropPicture}[5]{%
  \begin{tikzpicture}[inner sep=0pt]
    \edef\q{(mnode.#3)}
    \node[minimum width=#1, minimum height=#2,inner sep=0pt](mnode) at (0,0) {};
    \clip (mnode.south west) rectangle (mnode.north east);
    \node[anchor=#4,inner sep=0pt](picture) at \q
    {\includeFitOutsidePicture{#1}{#2}{#5}};
    % \node[draw,minimum width=#1, minimum height=#2,inner sep=0pt] at (0,0) {};
  \end{tikzpicture}%
}

\begin{document}
% Draw a box to show the bounding box size
\tikz\draw (0,0) rectangle (5cm,5cm) node[pos=.5] {Reference box};
% Fit outside
\includeFitOutsidePicture{5cm}{5cm}{simpson.jpg}\fbox{Fit outside}

% Fit inside
\includeFitInsidePicture{5cm}{5cm}{simpson.jpg}\fbox{Fit inside}

% Crop in different ways
\vspace{1cm}Crop using three different anchors:

\addCropPicture{5cm}{5cm}{north west}{north west}{simpson.jpg}
\addCropPicture{5cm}{5cm}{north}{north}{simpson.jpg}
\addCropPicture{5cm}{5cm}{north east}{north east}{simpson.jpg}

\end{document}

输出：

Answer 2

以下示例使用adjustbox以多种方式修剪和剪辑内容（图像）。最值得注意的是，修剪从对象的左下角测量的内容，并从对象的右下角测量。可以使用长度计算中的、和来trim=<llx> <lly> <urx> <ury>测量精确的修剪位置（s ）。<ll->ll<ur->ur\Width\Height\Depth\Totalheight\dimexpr

\documentclass{article}

\usepackage[landscape]{geometry}% Just for this example

\usepackage[export]{adjustbox}

\begin{document}

\setlength{\fboxsep}{0pt}\setlength{\fboxrule}{2pt}%
\fbox{\rule{5cm}{0pt}\rule{0pt}{5cm}} % Reference box
%
\includegraphics[height=5cm]{example-image}% Fit outside

\hspace{\fboxrule}%
\includegraphics[width=5cm]{example-image}% Fit inside

\bigskip

% Trimming using three different "anchors"
\adjustbox{trim=0pt 0pt \dimexpr\Width-5cm\relax{} 0pt,clip}{\includegraphics[height=5cm]{example-image}}
\adjustbox{trim=\dimexpr.5\Width-25mm\relax{} 0pt \dimexpr.5\Width-25mm\relax{} 0pt,clip}{\includegraphics[height=5cm]{example-image}}
\adjustbox{trim=\dimexpr\Width-5cm\relax{} 0pt 0pt 0pt,clip}{\includegraphics[height=5cm]{example-image}}

\end{document}