TIKZ 中节点的位置

Question

我有以下代码：

\documentclass[a4paper, 11pt]{article}
\usepackage{comment} % enables the use of multi-line comments (\ifx \fi) 
\usepackage{fullpage} % changes the margin
\usepackage[swedish]{babel}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{positioning}
\usepackage{titlesec}
\usepackage{pgf, tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows, automata}
\usepackage{color}


 \begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[
        > = stealth, % arrow head style
        shorten > = 1pt, % don't touch arrow head to node
        auto,
        node distance = 2cm, % distance between nodes
        semithick % line style
    ]

    \tikzstyle{every state}=[
        draw = black,
        thin,
        fill = cyan!29,
        minimum size = 5mm
    ]

    \node[state] (a) {$a$};
    \node[state] (b)[below left=0.2cm and 0.2cm of a] {$b$};
    \node[state] (c)[below left=0.2cm and 0.2cm of b] {$c$};
    \node[state] (f)[below left=0.2cm and 0.2cm of c] {$f$};
    \node[state] (j)[below left=0.2cm and 0.2cm of f ] {$j$};
    \node[state] (d)[below left=0.2cm and 0.2cm of j] {$d$};
    \node[state] (i)[below left=0.2cm and 0.2cm of d] {$i$};

     \path[->] (a) edge node {} (b);
      \path[->] (b) edge node {} (c);
       \path[->] (c) edge node {} (f);
        \path[->] (f) edge node {} (j);
         \path[->] (j) edge node {} (d);
          \path[->] (d) edge node {} (i);
          \path[->] (b) edge[bend right=45, blue, very thick] node {} (j);


   \end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

我希望节点彼此之间更紧密，而不是分散在左侧。我该如何实现这样的定位？谢谢。

Answer 1

您可以根据需要调整参数node distance，例如

node distance=1cm and 0cm

第一个是垂直偏移，第二个是水平偏移。请注意，below left您附加到节点的“左下”角，甚至也会and 0cm向左产生位移。您可以将这个数字设为负数，但如果您想要垂直堆叠，那么您应该只使用below而不是below left：

\documentclass[a4paper, 11pt]{article}

\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{positioning, arrows, automata}

\begin{document}

\begin{tikzpicture}[ > = stealth, % arrow head style
        shorten > = 1pt, % don't touch arrow head to node
        semithick % line style
    ]

    \tikzstyle{every state}=[
        draw = black,
        thin,
        fill = cyan!29,
        minimum size = 7mm
    ]
    \begin{scope}[node distance=1cm and 0cm, every node/.style=state]
      \node (a) {$a$};
      \node (b) [below left=of a] {$b$};
      \node (c) [below left=of b] {$c$};
      \node (f) [below left=of c] {$f$};
      \node (j) [below left=of f] {$j$};
      \node (d) [below left=of j] {$d$};
      \node (i) [below left=of d] {$i$};
    \end{scope}
    \path[->] (a) edge (b)
              (b) edge (c)
              (c) edge (f)
              (f) edge (j)
              (j) edge (d)
              (d) edge (i)
              (b) edge[bend right=45, blue, very thick] (j);
\end{tikzpicture}
\hspace{2cm}
\begin{tikzpicture}[ > = stealth, % arrow head style
        shorten > = 1pt, % don't touch arrow head to node
        semithick % line style
    ]

    \tikzstyle{every state}=[
        draw = black,
        thin,
        fill = cyan!29,
        minimum size = 7mm
    ]
    \begin{scope}[node distance=1cm, every node/.style=state]
      \node (a) {$a$};
      \node (b) [below=of a] {$b$};
      \node (c) [below=of b] {$c$};
      \node (f) [below=of c] {$f$};
      \node (j) [below=of f] {$j$};
      \node (d) [below=of j] {$d$};
      \node (i) [below=of d] {$i$};
    \end{scope}
    \path[->] (a) edge (b)
              (b) edge (c)
              (c) edge (f)
              (f) edge (j)
              (j) edge (d)
              (d) edge (i)
              (b) edge[bend right=45, blue, very thick] (j);
\end{tikzpicture}

\end{document}

Answer 2

您可以像这样自动执行所有过程：

\documentclass[a4paper, 11pt]{article}
\usepackage{comment} % enables the use of multi-line comments (\ifx \fi) 
\usepackage{fullpage} % changes the margin
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{positioning}
\usepackage{titlesec}
\usepackage{pgf, tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows, automata}
\usepackage{color}

\xdef\mybelow{0.4cm} %< Select distance for below
\xdef\myleft{0.12cm} %< Select distance for left

 \begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[
        > = stealth, % arrow head style
        shorten > = 1pt, % don't touch arrow head to node
        auto,
        node distance = 2cm, % distance between nodes
        semithick % line style
    ]

    \tikzstyle{every state}=[
        draw = black,
        thin,
        fill = cyan!29,
        minimum size = 5mm
    ]


    \foreach  \letter [count=\i from 1] in {a,b,c,f,j,d,i}{
    \ifnum\i=1
    \xdef\myprevpoint{\letter}
    \node[state] (\letter) {$\letter$};
    \else
    \node[state] (\letter)[below left=\mybelow and \myleft of \myprevpoint] {$\letter$};
    \path[->] (\myprevpoint) edge node {} (\letter);
    \xdef\myprevpoint{\letter}
    \fi
    }
   \path[->] (b) edge[bend right=45, blue, very thick] node {} (j);

   \end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

输出：

tikz 是一个功能强大的软件包，最好将其自动化，以便将来更容易进行操作（如果需要更改纸张尺寸或其他操作）