有没有办法制作宏来制作这样的表格，其中颜色根据不同的单元格而变化，即使前几个单元格是多行单元格。我需要制作 16 个这样的表格，其中列数、单元格数等都不同，这似乎是一项巨大的工作，可以稍微自动化一下。我真的不知道该怎么做。
生成表格的代码如下：
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
%===================================
\usepackage{float}
\usepackage{tabu}
\usepackage[dvipsnames,table,longtable,x11names]{xcolor} % Definer farver med \definecolor. Se mere:
\usepackage{multirow} % Fletning af raekker og kolonner (\multicolumn og
\multirow)
\usepackage{hhline} % more options for lines between rows and columns
\newcolumntype{P}[1]{>{\centering\arraybackslash}m{#1}} % New column type P with centering
\usepackage{geometry}
\geometry{ a4paper, total={180mm,257mm}, left=15mm, top=60mm, bottom=0mm, textheight=180mm, footskip=10mm, headheight=52pt, }
% ====================== HARDWARE ARKITEKTUR ====================================
\begin{document}
\section{HARDWARE ARKITEKTUR}
\begin{table}[H]
\begin{tabular}[c]{|p{2cm}|p{7cm}|P{3.5cm}|P{3.5cm}|}
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{black}}|-|-|--}
\rowcolor{NavyBlue}\textcolor{White}{\textbf{Blok-navn}} & \textcolor{White}{\textbf{Funktionsbeskrivelse}} & \textcolor{White}{\textbf{Signaler [Porte]} }& \textcolor{White}{\textbf{Kommentar}} \\
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{black}}|-|-|--}
\cellcolor{NavyBlue!35} & \cellcolor{NavyBlue!35} & \cellcolor{NavyBlue!35} Force[userChoice] & \cellcolor{NavyBlue!35} Brugerens input\\
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{black}}|>{\arrayrulecolor{NavyBlue!35}}->{\arrayrulecolor{black}}|>{\arrayrulecolor{NavyBlue!35}}->{\arrayrulecolor{black}}|--}
\cellcolor{NavyBlue!35} & \cellcolor{NavyBlue!35} & \cellcolor{NavyBlue!15} SVDC [vcc] & \cellcolor{NavyBlue!15} Spændingsforsyning\\
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{black}}|>{\arrayrulecolor{NavyBlue!35}}->{\arrayrulecolor{black}}|>{\arrayrulecolor{NavyBlue!35}}->{\arrayrulecolor{black}}|--}
\cellcolor{NavyBlue!35} & \cellcolor{NavyBlue!35} & \cellcolor{NavyBlue!35} Light [display] & \cellcolor{NavyBlue!35} Viser brugerens muligheder/valg\\
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{black}}|>{\arrayrulecolor{NavyBlue!35}}->{\arrayrulecolor{black}}|>{\arrayrulecolor{NavyBlue!35}}->{\arrayrulecolor{black}}|--}
\cellcolor{NavyBlue!35} & \cellcolor{NavyBlue!35} & \cellcolor{NavyBlue!15}I2C [gameStatus] & \cellcolor{NavyBlue!15}Kommunikation mellem CPU'er\\
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{black}}|>{\arrayrulecolor{NavyBlue!35}}->{\arrayrulecolor{black}}|>{\arrayrulecolor{NavyBlue!35}}->{\arrayrulecolor{black}}|--}
\cellcolor{NavyBlue!35} \multirow[t]{-7.5}{\hsize}{Score system} &
\cellcolor{NavyBlue!35} \multirow[t]{-7.5}{\hsize}{Indeholder brugergrænsefladen som blandt andet er et tegn for en and i en båd med et kosteskaft og en trillebør} & \cellcolor{NavyBlue!35} WIFI [wifi] & \cellcolor{NavyBlue!35} Forbindelse til Database\\
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{black}}|-|-|--}
\cellcolor{NavyBlue!15} & \cellcolor{NavyBlue!15} & \cellcolor{NavyBlue!15}5VDC [vcc] & \cellcolor{NavyBlue!15}Spændingsforsyning\\
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{black}}|>{\arrayrulecolor{NavyBlue!15}}->{\arrayrulecolor{black}}|>{\arrayrulecolor{NavyBlue!15}}->{\arrayrulecolor{black}}|--}
\cellcolor{NavyBlue!15} & \cellcolor{NavyBlue!15} & \cellcolor{NavyBlue!35} 12VDC [powerRail] & \cellcolor{NavyBlue!35} Spændingsforsyning\\
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{black}}|>{\arrayrulecolor{NavyBlue!15}}->{\arrayrulecolor{black}}|>{\arrayrulecolor{NavyBlue!15}}->{\arrayrulecolor{black}}|--}
\cellcolor{NavyBlue!15} & \cellcolor{NavyBlue!15} & \cellcolor{NavyBlue!15} IR [dryerSensor] & \cellcolor{NavyBlue!15} IR modtager\\
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{black}}|>{\arrayrulecolor{NavyBlue!15}}->{\arrayrulecolor{black}}|>{\arrayrulecolor{NavyBlue!15}}->{\arrayrulecolor{black}}|--}
\cellcolor{NavyBlue!15} & \cellcolor{NavyBlue!15} & \cellcolor{NavyBlue!35} IR [cupSensor] & \cellcolor{NavyBlue!35} IR modtager\\
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{black}}|>{\arrayrulecolor{NavyBlue!15}}->{\arrayrulecolor{black}}|>{\arrayrulecolor{NavyBlue!15}}->{\arrayrulecolor{black}}|--}
\cellcolor{NavyBlue!15} & \cellcolor{NavyBlue!15} & \cellcolor{NavyBlue!15} IR [dryerLED] & \cellcolor{NavyBlue!15} IR modtager\\
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{black}}|>{\arrayrulecolor{NavyBlue!15}}->{\arrayrulecolor{black}}|>{\arrayrulecolor{NavyBlue!15}}->{\arrayrulecolor{black}}|--}
\cellcolor{NavyBlue!15} & \cellcolor{NavyBlue!15} & \cellcolor{NavyBlue!35} IR [cupLED] & \cellcolor{NavyBlue!35}IR modtager\\
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{black}}|>{\arrayrulecolor{NavyBlue!15}}->{\arrayrulecolor{black}}|>{\arrayrulecolor{NavyBlue!15}}->{\arrayrulecolor{black}}|--}
\cellcolor{NavyBlue!15} & \cellcolor{NavyBlue!15} & \cellcolor{NavyBlue!15} Light [target] & \cellcolor{NavyBlue!15}Visuelt lys fra kopperne\\
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{black}}|>{\arrayrulecolor{NavyBlue!15}}->{\arrayrulecolor{black}}|>{\arrayrulecolor{NavyBlue!15}}->{\arrayrulecolor{black}}|--}
\cellcolor{NavyBlue!15} & \cellcolor{NavyBlue!15} & \cellcolor{NavyBlue!35} Airflow [airflow] & \cellcolor{NavyBlue!35}Luft til at tørre bolden\\
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{black}}|>{\arrayrulecolor{NavyBlue!15}}->{\arrayrulecolor{black}}|>{\arrayrulecolor{NavyBlue!15}}->{\arrayrulecolor{black}}|--}
\cellcolor{NavyBlue!15} \multirow[t]{-10.5}{\hsize}{Cup Zone} &
\cellcolor{NavyBlue!15} \multirow[t]{-10.5}{\hsize}{ Sørger for detektering af kopper og bolde i kopperne, og aktivering af motoren i Ball Dryer. Desuden styres belysning under kopperne også her.} & \cellcolor{NavyBlue!15} I2C [gameStatus] & \cellcolor{NavyBlue!15}Kommunikation mellem blokkene\\
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{black}}|-|-|--}
\cellcolor{NavyBlue!35} & \cellcolor{NavyBlue!35} & \cellcolor{NavyBlue!35}5VDC [vcc] & \cellcolor{NavyBlue!35}Spændingsforsyning\\
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{black}}|>{\arrayrulecolor{NavyBlue!35}}->{\arrayrulecolor{black}}|>{\arrayrulecolor{NavyBlue!35}}->{\arrayrulecolor{black}}|--}
\cellcolor{NavyBlue!35} & \cellcolor{NavyBlue!35} & \cellcolor{NavyBlue!15}12VDC [powerRail] & \cellcolor{NavyBlue!15}Spændingsforsyning\\
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{black}}|>{\arrayrulecolor{NavyBlue!35}}->{\arrayrulecolor{black}}|>{\arrayrulecolor{NavyBlue!15}}->{\arrayrulecolor{black}}|--}
\cellcolor{NavyBlue!35} & \cellcolor{NavyBlue!35} & \cellcolor{NavyBlue!35} Sound [audio] & \cellcolor{NavyBlue!35} Musik der analyseres\\
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{black}}|>{\arrayrulecolor{NavyBlue!35}}->{\arrayrulecolor{black}}|>{\arrayrulecolor{NavyBlue!35}}->{\arrayrulecolor{black}}|--}
\cellcolor{NavyBlue!35} & \cellcolor{NavyBlue!35} & \cellcolor{NavyBlue!15} Light [matrixLight] & \cellcolor{NavyBlue!15} Bordplade lysmønster\\
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{black}}|>{\arrayrulecolor{NavyBlue!35}}->{\arrayrulecolor{black}}|>{\arrayrulecolor{NavyBlue!15}}->{\arrayrulecolor{black}}|--}
\cellcolor{NavyBlue!35} & \cellcolor{NavyBlue!35} & \cellcolor{NavyBlue!35} Light [bgLight] &\cellcolor{NavyBlue!35} Bordplade baggrundsbelysning\\
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{black}}|>{\arrayrulecolor{NavyBlue!35}}->{\arrayrulecolor{black}}|>{\arrayrulecolor{NavyBlue!35}}->{\arrayrulecolor{black}}|--}
\cellcolor{NavyBlue!35} \multirow[t]{-7.5}{\hsize}{Light Panel} &
\cellcolor{NavyBlue!35} \multirow[t]{-7.5}{\hsize}{Her styres den grafiske belysning på bordet. Belysningen består af en matrix og baggrundsbelysning.} & \cellcolor{NavyBlue!15} I2C [gameStatus] & \cellcolor{NavyBlue!15} Kommunikation bellem blokkene\\
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{black}}|-|-|--}
\cellcolor{NavyBlue!15} & \cellcolor{NavyBlue!15} & \cellcolor{NavyBlue!35} 5VDC [vcc] & \cellcolor{NavyBlue!35} Spændingsforsyning\\
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{black}}|>{\arrayrulecolor{NavyBlue!15}}->{\arrayrulecolor{black}}|>{\arrayrulecolor{NavyBlue!15}}->{\arrayrulecolor{black}}|--}
\cellcolor{NavyBlue!15} \multirow[t]{-2}{\hsize}{Power Supply} &
\cellcolor{NavyBlue!15} \multirow[t]{-2}{\hsize}{Forsyner systemet med strøm} & \cellcolor{NavyBlue!15} 12VDC [powerRail] & \cellcolor{NavyBlue!15} Spændingsforsyning\\
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{black}}|-|-|--}
\end{tabular}
\caption{Blokbeskrivelse APP}
\label{Blokbeskrivelse APP}
\end{table}
\end{document}
最后，在这个 URL 上有一个可以工作的示例：ShareLatex 工作示例
答案1
使用新的表格数组包。包允许格式和内容分离，这使得代码更加清晰。
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{float}
\usepackage[dvipsnames,table,longtable,x11names]{xcolor}
\usepackage{tabularray}
\usepackage{geometry}
\geometry{ a4paper, total={180mm,257mm}, left=15mm, top=60mm, bottom=0mm, textheight=180mm, footskip=10mm, headheight=52pt, }
\begin{document}
\NewColumnType{P}[1]{Q[c,wd=#1]}
\begin{table}[H]
\begin{tblr}{
colspec = {|p{2cm}|p{7cm}|P{3.5cm}|P{3.5cm}|},
row{even} = {NavyBlue!35}, row{odd} = {NavyBlue!15},
row{1} = {bg=NavyBlue, fg=white, font=\bfseries},
hlines,
}
Blok-navn & Funktionsbeskrivelse & Signaler [Porte] & Kommentar \\
\SetCell[r=5]{h, NavyBlue!35} Score system & \SetCell[r=5]{h, NavyBlue!35} Indeholder brugergrænsefladen som blandt andet er et tegn for en and i en båd med et kosteskaft og en trillebør & Force[userChoice] & Brugerens input \\
&& SVDC [vcc] & Spændingsforsyning \\
&& Light [display] & Viser brugerens muligheder/valg \\
&& I2C [gameStatus] & Kommunikation mellem CPU'er \\
&& WIFI [wifi] & Forbindelse til Database \\
% next block
\SetCell[r=9]{h, NavyBlue!15} Cup Zone & \SetCell[r=9]{h, NavyBlue!15} Sørger for detektering af kopper og bolde i kopperne, og aktivering af motoren i Ball Dryer. Desuden styres belysning under kopperne også her. & 5VDC [vcc] & Spændingsforsyning \\
&& 12VDC [powerRail] & Spændingsforsyning \\
&& IR [dryerSensor] & IR modtager \\
&& IR [cupSensor] & IR modtager \\
&& IR [dryerLED] & IR modtager \\
&& IR [cupLED] & IR modtager \\
&& Light [target] & Visuelt lys fra kopperne \\
&& Airflow [airflow] & Luft til at tørre bolden \\
&& I2C [gameStatus] & Kommunikation mellem blokkene \\
% next block
\SetCell[r=6]{h, NavyBlue!35} Light Panel & \SetCell[r=6]{h, NavyBlue!35} Her styres den grafiske belysning på bordet. Belysningen består af en matrix og baggrundsbelysning. & 5VDC [vcc] & pændingsforsyning \\
&& 12VDC [powerRail] & Spændingsforsyning \\
&& Sound [audio] & Musik der analyseres \\
&& Light [matrixLight] & Bordplade lysmønster \\
&& Light [bgLight] & Bordplade baggrundsbelysning \\
&& I2C [gameStatus] & Kommunikation bellem blokkene \\
% next block
\SetCell[r=2]{h, NavyBlue!15} Power Supply & \SetCell[r=2]{h, NavyBlue!15} Forsyner systemet med strøm & 5VDC [vcc] & Spændingsforsyning \\
&& 12VDC [powerRail] & Spændingsforsyning \\
\end{tblr}
\caption{Blokbeskrivelse APP}
\label{Blokbeskrivelse APP}
\end{table}
\end{document}
产生输出
您可以在参数中指定奇数行和偶数行的颜色格式tblr，还可以为标题添加不同的格式。使用该命令，\SetCell您可以创建跨多行的单元格（类似于多行）。由于您的块大小不总是相同，因此您必须具体指定行数和颜色。
我不太理解你的 hline 命令，所以我刚刚添加了一个选项，hlines在tblr需要的地方创建黑色 hline。你也可以自定义它，请参阅文档更多信息。
既然您说您有许多这样的表，那么根据这种风格定义一个新环境是有意义的。
\NewTblrEnviron{mytblr}
\SetTblrInner[mytblr]{
row{even} = {NavyBlue!35}, row{odd} = {NavyBlue!15},
row{1} = {bg=NavyBlue, fg=white, font=\bfseries},
hlines,
}
\begin{mytblr}{|p{2cm}|p{7cm}|P{3.5cm}|P{3.5cm}|}
% content
\end{mytblr}