我想绘制正态分布的密度，如下图所示。问题：
- 节点 t=1,63 未出现在图中
- 不知道如何轻松地绘制箭头
这是我目前的代码：
\documentclass[a4paper,11pt,fleqn]{scrartcl}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage{lmodern}
\usepackage{ntheorem}
\usepackage{here}
\usepackage{multirow}
\usepackage{eurosym}
\usepackage{pgf,tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows,shadows}
\pagestyle{empty}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{array}
\usetikzlibrary{decorations.pathreplacing}
\usepackage{colortbl}
\usepackage[ngerman]{babel}
\usepackage{geometry}
\geometry{a4paper, top=15mm, left=25mm, right=25mm, bottom=20mm,
headsep=10mm, footskip=12mm}
\theoremstyle{break}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{color}
\usepackage{gauss}
\usepackage{pgfplots}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage{gensymb}
\usepackage{systeme}
\usepackage{pgf,tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows}
\pagestyle{empty}
\usepackage{booktabs}
\usetikzlibrary{positioning,fit,calc}
\usetikzlibrary{backgrounds}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\addtokomafont{caption}{\footnotesize}
\setlength{\mathindent}{0pt}
\makeatletter
\g@addto@macro\normalsize{% <----
\setlength\abovedisplayskip{0pt}% <----
\setlength\belowdisplayskip{10pt}% <----
\setlength\abovedisplayshortskip{0pt}% <----
\setlength\belowdisplayshortskip{20pt}% <----
}
\makeatother
\setlength{\intextsep}{0pt}
\tikzset{declare function={
normcdf(\x,\m,\s)=1/(1 + exp(-0.07056*((\x-\m)/\s)^3 - 1.5976* (\x-\m)/\s));
}}
\pgfmathdeclarefunction{gauss{2}{%\pgfmathparse{1/(#2*sqrt(2*pi))*exp(-((x-#1)^2)/(2*#2^2))}%}
\usepackage{tabularx}
\newcolumntype{L}[1]{>{\raggedright\arraybackslash}p{#1}} % linksbündig mit Breitenangabe
\newcolumntype{C}[1]{>{\centering\arraybackslash}p{#1}} % zentriert mit Breitenangabe
\newcolumntype{R}[1]{>{\raggedleft\arraybackslash}p{#1}} % rechtsbündig mit Breitenangabe
\newcommand*\xbar[1]{%
\hbox{%
\vbox{%
\hrule height 0.5pt % The actual bar
\kern0.5ex% % Distance between bar and symbol
\hbox{%
\kern-0.1em% % Shortening on the left side
\ensuremath{#1}%
\kern-0.1em% % Shortening on the right side}%}%}%}
\usepackage{etoolbox}
\makeatletter
\patchcmd\g@matrix
{\vbox\bgroup}
{\vbox\bgroup\normalbaselines}% restore the standard baselineskip
{}{}
\makeatother
\newcommand{\BAR}{%
\hspace{-\arraycolsep}%
\strut\vrule % the `\vrule` is as high and deep as a strut
\hspace{-\arraycolsep}%
}
\usepackage{tabstackengine}[2016-10-04]
\stackMath
\begin{document}
\begin{figure}[H]
\centering
\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{axis}[ domain=-1:1,
scale only axis,
axis x line=middle,
axis y line=middle,
inner axis line style={=>},
width=15cm,height=6cm,
ymin=0,ymax=0.45,
xmin=-3.5,xmax=3.5,
axis line style = thick,
xtick={-3,-2,-1,1,2,3},
ytick={0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4},
every axis x label/.style={at={(current axis.right of origin)},anchor=west},
every axis y label/.style={at={(current axis.north)},above=0.5mm},
xlabel={$x$},
ylabel={$f(x)$},
axis on top]
\addplot[fill=blue!25,draw=none,domain=-3.5:-1.63] {gauss(0,1)} \closedcycle;]
\addplot[fill=blue!25,draw=none,domain=1.63:3.5] {gauss(0,1)} \closedcycle;]
\addplot [domain=-3.5:3.5,samples=500,red,thick] {gauss(0,1)};
\node at (axis cs:1.63,-0.05){$t=1.63$};
\end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}
\caption{Graph der Dichtefunktion $f_X(x)$ mit $X\sim\mathcal{N}(0,1)$}%
\end{figure}
\end{document}
答案1
像这样？
注意：对于您的高斯来说，最小工作示例中的大部分前言都是多余的。我省略了所有不需要的内容。
编辑：重新检查您的图像后，我发现额外的 x 刻度标签$\stackrel{\uparrow}{t=1.63}$是不合逻辑的。横坐标已标记x，因此仅用数字标记该点就足够了。如果您想强调它，可以更改其颜色或面/形状。已更正。
\documentclass[a4paper,11pt,fleqn]{scrartcl}
\usepackage{pgfplots}
\pgfplotsset{compat=1.15}
\pgfmathdeclarefunction{gauss}{2}{%
\pgfmathparse{1/(#2*sqrt(2*pi))*exp(-((x-#1)^2)/(2*#2^2))}%
}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows.meta} % <--- added
\begin{document}
\begin{figure}[htb]
\centering
\begin{tikzpicture}[
every pin/.style = {pin edge={Latex-,thin,black}}
]
\begin{axis}[
width=15cm,height=6cm,
scale only axis,
axis lines=middle,
ymin=0,ymax=0.45,
axis line style = thick,
xtick={-3,-2,-1,1,2,3},
extra x ticks ={1.63},
extra x tick labels ={\color{blue}1.63},
x label style={anchor=west},
y label style={anchor=south},
xlabel={$x$},
ylabel={$f(x)$},
axis on top,
samples=50]
\addplot[fill=blue!25,draw=none,domain=-3.5:-1.63] {gauss(0,1)} \closedcycle;
\addplot[fill=blue!25,draw=none,domain=1.63:3.5] {gauss(0,1)} \closedcycle;
\addplot[domain=-3.5:3.5,red,thick] {gauss(0,1)};
\node [pin= 60:$P_{val}/2$] at ( 2,0.02) {};
\node [pin=120:$P_{val}/2$] at (-2,0.02) {};
\end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}
\caption{Graph der Dichtefunktion $f_X(x)$ mit $X\sim\mathcal{N}(0,1)$}%
\end{figure}
\end{document}
编辑： 因为你坚持你的箭头和标签......
\documentclass[a4paper,11pt,fleqn]{scrartcl}
\usepackage{pgfplots}
\pgfplotsset{compat=1.15}
\pgfmathdeclarefunction{gauss}{2}{%
\pgfmathparse{1/(#2*sqrt(2*pi))*exp(-((x-#1)^2)/(2*#2^2))}%
}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows.meta} % <--- added
\begin{document}
\begin{figure}[htb]
\centering
\begin{tikzpicture}[
every pin/.style = {pin edge={Latex-,thin,black}}
]
\begin{axis}[
width=15cm,height=6cm,
scale only axis,
axis lines=middle,
ymin=0,ymax=0.45,
axis line style = thick,
xtick={-3,-2,-1,1,2,3},
x label style={anchor=west},
y label style={anchor=south},
xlabel={$x$},
ylabel={$f(x)$},
axis on top,
samples=50,
clip=false]
\addplot[fill=blue!25,draw=none,domain=-3.5:-1.63] {gauss(0,1)} \closedcycle;
\addplot[fill=blue!25,draw=none,domain=1.63:3.5] {gauss(0,1)} \closedcycle;
\addplot[domain=-3.5:3.5,red,thick] {gauss(0,1)};
\node [pin= 60:$P_{val}/2$] at ( 2,0.02) {};
\node [pin=120:$P_{val}/2$] at (-2,0.02) {};
\node [below,pin=below:{$t=1.63$}] at (1.63,0.01) {};
\end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}
\caption{Graph der Dichtefunktion $f_X(x)$ mit $X\sim\mathcal{N}(0,1)$}%
\end{figure}
\end{document}
编辑（2）：上述图片代码的变体。如果你替换
\node [pin= 60:$P_{val}/2$] at ( 2,0.02) {};
\node [pin=120:$P_{val}/2$] at (-2,0.02) {};
\node [below,pin=below:{$t=1.63$}] at (1.63,0.01) {};
和
\coordinate[pin= 60:$P_{val}/2$] (x) at ( 2,0.02);
\coordinate[pin=120:$P_{val}/2$] (x) at (-2,0.02);
\coordinate[pin=below:{$t=1.63$}](x) at ( 1.63,0);
你将获得：
