表格标题垂直对齐和行高

Question

如何垂直对齐表格中的标题内容（电场），并最终增加其行高？

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{array}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{microtype}
\usepackage{xcolor}
\newcolumntype{M}[1]{>{\centering\arraybackslash}m{#1}}
\newcolumntype{N}{@{}m{0pt}@{}}

\newcommand{\tr}[1]{#1 &\\[22pt]}


\begin{document}
\begin{center}

\begin{tabular}{ |M{4cm}|M{4cm}|N }
  \hline
  \multicolumn{3}{|c|}{Electric Field} \\
  \hline
  \tr{Point charge & $\vec{E} = \dfrac{1}{4 \pi \epsilon_0} \cdot \dfrac{q}{r^3} \times \vec{r}$}
  \hline
  \tr{Electric dipole & $\vec{E} = \dfrac{1}{2 \pi \epsilon_0} \cdot \dfrac{\vec{p}}{r^3}$}
  \hline
  \tr{Charged ring & $\vec{E} = \dfrac{1}{4 \pi \epsilon_0} \cdot \dfrac{q\vec{z}}{\sqrt{(r^{2}+z^{2})^3}}$}
  \hline
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
\end{document} 

Answer 1

以下 MWE 包含两个建议：第一个使用不可见规则来仅增加第一行的行高，而第二个是使用包中的和 的替代方法\toprule，\midrule同时避免所有垂直线：\bottomrulebooktabs

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{array}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{microtype}
\usepackage{xcolor}
\newcolumntype{M}[1]{>{\centering\arraybackslash}m{#1}}
\newcolumntype{N}{@{}m{0pt}@{}}
\newcommand{\tr}[1]{#1 &\\[22pt]}

\usepackage{booktabs}

\begin{document}
\begin{center}

\begin{tabular}{ |M{4cm}|M{4cm}|N }
  \hline
  \multicolumn{3}{|c|}{\rule{0pt}{2em}Electric Field\rule[-1em]{0pt}{2em}} \\
  \hline
  \tr{Point charge & $\vec{E} = \dfrac{1}{4 \pi \epsilon_0} \cdot \dfrac{q}{r^3} \times \vec{r}$}
  \hline
  \tr{Electric dipole & $\vec{E} = \dfrac{1}{2 \pi \epsilon_0} \cdot \dfrac{\vec{p}}{r^3}$}
  \hline
  \tr{Charged ring & $\vec{E} = \dfrac{1}{4 \pi \epsilon_0} \cdot \dfrac{q\vec{z}}{\sqrt{(r^{2}+z^{2})^3}}$}
  \hline
\end{tabular}
\end{center}

\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{M{4cm}M{4cm}N }
  \toprule
  \multicolumn{3}{c}{\rule{0pt}{2em}Electric Field\rule[-1em]{0pt}{2em}} \\
  \midrule
  \tr{Point charge & $\vec{E} = \dfrac{1}{4 \pi \epsilon_0} \cdot \dfrac{q}{r^3} \times \vec{r}$}
  \tr{Electric dipole & $\vec{E} = \dfrac{1}{2 \pi \epsilon_0} \cdot \dfrac{\vec{p}}{r^3}$}
  \tr{Charged ring & $\vec{E} = \dfrac{1}{4 \pi \epsilon_0} \cdot \dfrac{q\vec{z}}{\sqrt{(r^{2}+z^{2})^3}}$}
  \bottomrule
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
\end{document} 

有关如何更改行高的更多信息，您还可以查看此处：表格中的列和行填充和这里：增加 LaTeX 表格行高

Answer 2

一个简单的解决方案是使用cellspace，它允许您使用以字母为前缀的说明符S（或者C如果您使用siunitx）定义列中单元格顶部和底部的最小垂直间距。您不必\tr为间距定义此命令：

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{array}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{microtype}
\usepackage{xcolor}
\usepackage{cellspace}
\setlength{\cellspacetoplimit}{6pt}
\setlength{\cellspacebottomlimit}{6pt}
\newcolumntype{M}[1]{>{\centering\arraybackslash}S{m{#1}}}
\newcolumntype{N}{@{}m{0pt}@{}}

\newcommand{\tr}[1]{#1 &\\}

\begin{document}

\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{ |M{4cm}|M{4cm}|N }
  \hline
  \multicolumn{3}{|Sc|}{Electric Field} \\
  \hline
  Point charge & $\vec{E} = \dfrac{1}{4 \pi \epsilon_0} \cdot \dfrac{q}{r^3} \times \vec{r}$ & \\
  \hline
  Electric dipole & $\vec{E} = \dfrac{1}{2 \pi \epsilon_0} \cdot \dfrac{\vec{p}}{r^3}$ \\
  \hline
  Charged ring & $\vec{E} = \dfrac{1}{4 \pi \epsilon_0} \cdot \dfrac{q\vec{z}}{\sqrt{(r^{2}+z^{2})^3}}$ & \\
  \hline
\end{tabular}
\end{center}

\end{document}

Answer 3

您可以使用该bigstrut包或者定义您自己的支柱作为\mystrut{<length in pt>}示例。

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{array}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{microtype}
\usepackage{xcolor}

\newcolumntype{M}[1]{>{\centering\arraybackslash}m{#1}}
\newcommand{\mystrut}[1]{$\vcenter{\hbox{\rule{0pt}{#1pt}}}$}

\begin{document}

\begin{center}    
\begin{tabular}{|M{4cm}|>{$}M{4cm}<{$}|}
  \hline
  \multicolumn{2}{|c|}{Electric Field\mystrut{30}}                                                                 \\ \hline
  Point charge\mystrut{30}    & \vec{E} = \dfrac{1}{4\pi \epsilon_0} \cdot \dfrac{q}{r^3} \times \vec{r}           \\ \hline
  Electric dipole\mystrut{30} & \vec{E} = \dfrac{1}{2\pi \epsilon_0} \cdot \dfrac{\vec{p}}{r^3}                    \\ \hline
  Charged ring\mystrut{30}    & \vec{E} = \dfrac{1}{4\pi \epsilon_0} \cdot\dfrac{q\vec{z}}{\sqrt{(r^{2}+z^{2})^3}} \\ \hline
\end{tabular}    
\end{center}

\end{document}