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编辑：

tag-icon • tag-icon tikz-cd
编辑：

我创建了下图（我只是在它周围添加了一个框）：

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz-cd}

\begin{document}
\fbox{
   \begin{tikzcd} 
       \ar[loop left, in=150, out=-150, distance=2cm,"-1"'] 
       \ar[loop left, in=148, out=-148, distance=3cm, "-2"'] 
       \ar[loop left, in=146, out=-146, distance=3.7cm, font=\tiny, phantom, 
          "\dots"'] 
       \ar[loop left, in=146, out=-146, distance=5cm, "-k"']  
       \ar[loop left, in=146, out=-146, distance=6cm, phantom, "\dots"'] m 
       \ar[loop above, in=60, out=120, distance=1cm,"\id_m"] 
       \ar[loop right, in=30, out=-30,distance=2cm,"+1"] 
       \ar[loop right, in=32, out=-32, distance=3cm, "+2"] 
       \ar[loop left, in=34, out=-34, distance=3.7cm, font=\tiny, phantom, 
          "\dots"]  
       \ar[loop right, in=34, out=-34, distance=5cm, "+k"] 
       \ar[loop left, in=34, out=-34, distance=6cm, font=\tiny, phantom, 
          "\dots"] 
   \end{tikzcd}}
\end{document}

该图完全符合我的要求，但前后空间太大。如何纠正？添加

 \vspace*{xxx}

显然是可能的，但我发现这太不合理了。有什么建议吗？

在此处输入图片描述

答案1

你可以做

\begin{tikzcd}[
     execute at begin picture={
       \useasboundingbox (-4.5,-1.5) rectangle (4.5,1.5);
     }
]

不过，确实需要一些反复试验才能找到合适的坐标。

代码输出

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz-cd}

\begin{document}
\fbox{
   \begin{tikzcd}[
        execute at begin picture={
          \useasboundingbox (-4.5,-1.5) rectangle (4.5,1.5);
         }
       ]
       \ar[loop left, in=150, out=-150, distance=2cm,"-1"'] 
       \ar[loop left, in=148, out=-148, distance=3cm, "-2"'] 
       \ar[loop left, in=146, out=-146, distance=3.7cm, font=\tiny, phantom, 
          "\dots"'] 
       \ar[loop left, in=146, out=-146, distance=5cm, "-k"']  
       \ar[loop left, in=146, out=-146, distance=6cm, phantom, "\dots"'name=dot1] m 
       \ar[loop above, in=60, out=120, distance=1cm,"id_m"] 
       \ar[loop right, in=30, out=-30,distance=2cm,"+1"] 
       \ar[loop right, in=32, out=-32, distance=3cm, "+2"] 
       \ar[loop left, in=34, out=-34, distance=3.7cm, font=\tiny, phantom, 
          "\dots"]  
       \ar[loop right, in=34, out=-34, distance=5cm, "+k"] 
       \ar[loop left, in=34, out=-34, distance=6cm, font=\tiny, phantom, 
          "\dots"name=dot2] 
\end{tikzcd}}
\end{document}

答案2

在弄乱了你的图表后，我实现了这个：

在此处输入图片描述

（盲文只是为了提供背景）。

问题似乎是图表的高度和深度都太大，出于某种原因我不明白。

编辑：

问题在于，正如@TorbjørnT. 所说，因为\fbox在框架中包含了曲线的控制点。所以以下解决方案仅在图表对称的情况下才有效！如果图表不对称，那么不幸的是，这个解决方案将不起作用......

为了解决这个问题，我使用了\putbox几周前做的一个宏的修改版本。这个宏将只考虑图表的高度而不考虑其深度，在图表周围画一个框。

它并不漂亮，但我认为它有效：

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage{blindtext}
\usetikzlibrary{cd}

\newcommand{\putbox}[2][]{%
\ifdefined\xboxh%
  \relax%
\else%
  \newlength{\xboxh}%
  \newlength{\xboxw}%
  \newlength{\xboxd}%
\fi%
\settoheight{\xboxh}{#2}%
\settowidth{\xboxw}{#2}%%
\settodepth{\xboxd}{#2}%
\frame{\phantom{\rule{\xboxw}{\dimexpr\xboxh}}}%
\if\relax\detokenize{#1}\relax%
  \relax%
\else%
  \setlength{\xboxh}{0.5\xboxw}%
  \settowidth{\xboxw}{#1}%
  \setlength{\xboxw}{0.5\xboxw}%
  \hspace{\dimexpr-\xboxw-\xboxh}%
  \vskip-\xboxh%
  #1%
  \hspace{\dimexpr \xboxh-\xboxw}%
  \vskip\xboxd%
  \vskip-\xboxh%
\fi\relax%
}

\newcommand{\mycd}{%
   \begin{tikzcd}%
       \ar[loop left, in=150, out=-150, distance=2cm,"-1"']%
       \ar[loop left, in=148, out=-148, distance=3cm, "-2"']%
       \ar[loop left, in=146, out=-146, distance=3.7cm, font=\tiny, phantom,%
          "\dots"']%
       \ar[loop left, in=146, out=-146, distance=5cm, "-k"']%
       \ar[loop left, in=146, out=-146, distance=6cm, phantom, "\dots"'] m %
       \ar[loop above, in=60, out=120, distance=1cm,"Id_m"]%
       \ar[loop right, in=30, out=-30,distance=2cm,"+1"]%
       \ar[loop right, in=32, out=-32, distance=3cm, "+2"]%
       \ar[loop left, in=34, out=-34, distance=3.7cm, font=\tiny, phantom,%
          "\dots"]%
       \ar[loop right, in=34, out=-34, distance=5cm, "+k"]%
       \ar[loop left, in=34, out=-34, distance=6cm, font=\tiny, phantom,%
          "\dots"]%
\end{tikzcd}%
}

\begin{document}

\blindtext

\putbox[\mycd]{\mycd}

\blindtext

\end{document}

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