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Shell脚本differ-r

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Shell脚本differ-r

有没有一种方法可以执行两个目录的递归比较，但仅比较（在各自的位置）与特定文件名或文件类型谓词匹配的文件？

例如我想做某物喜欢

diff -r dir-a dir-b -filenames *.java, ivy.xml, build.xml

...或者甚至更好：

diff -r dir-a dir-b -filetype text

显然，它不是强制使用的diff，因为我认为咒语 withfind也-exec diff可能起到作用（我只是不知道如何在后一种情况下生成补充文件路径）。

答案1

Shell脚本differ-r

此 shellscript 可以执行两个目录的递归比较，但仅比较（在各自的位置）与特定文件名或文件类型模式匹配的文件。

#!/bin/bash

greenvid="\0033[32m"
resetvid="\0033[0m"

if [ $# -ne 3 ]
then
 echo "Usage: compare files in two directories including subdirectories"
 echo "         $0 <source-dir> <target-dir> <pattern>"
 echo "Example: $0  subdir-1     subdir-2     \"*.txt\""
 exit
fi

cmd='for pathname do
        greenvid="\0033[32m"
        resetvid="\0033[0m"
        echo -e "${greenvid}diff \"$pathname\" \"${pathname/'\"$1\"'/'\"$2\"'}\"${resetvid}"
        diff "$pathname" "${pathname/'\"$1\"'/'\"$2\"'}"
    done'
#echo "$cmd"

find "$1" -type f -name "$3" -exec bash -c "$cmd" bash {} +

演示

文件：

$ find -type f
./1/ett.txt
./1/two.doc
./1/t r e.txt
./1/sub/only-one.doc
./1/sub/hello.doc
./1/sub/hejsan.doc
./differ-r2
./differ-r1
./differ-r
./2/ett.txt
./2/two.doc
./2/t r e.txt
./2/sub/hello.doc
./2/sub/hejsan.doc

用法：

$ ./differ-r
Usage: compare files in two directories including subdirectories
         ./differ-r <source-dir> <target-dir> <pattern>
Example: ./differ-r  subdir-1     subdir-2     "*.txt"

跑步differ-r：

执行的diff命令行以绿色文本打印，并且当没有匹配时以默认文本打印输出（以下屏幕截图中的黑底白字）。

在此输入图像描述

$ ./differ-r 1 2 "*.doc"
diff "1/two.doc" "2/two.doc"
diff "1/sub/only-one.doc" "2/sub/only-one.doc"
diff: 2/sub/only-one.doc: No such file or directory
diff "1/sub/hello.doc" "2/sub/hello.doc"
2d1
< world
diff "1/sub/hejsan.doc" "2/sub/hejsan.doc"

$ ./differ-r 1 2 "*.txt"
diff "1/ett.txt" "2/ett.txt"
2c2
< stabben
---
> farsan
diff "1/t r e.txt" "2/t r e.txt"
1c1
< t r e
---
> 3
$ 

$ ./differ-r 1 2 "*"
diff "1/ett.txt" "2/ett.txt"
2c2
< stabben
---
> farsan
diff "1/two.doc" "2/two.doc"
diff "1/t r e.txt" "2/t r e.txt"
1c1
< t r e
---
> 3
diff "1/sub/only-one.doc" "2/sub/only-one.doc"
diff: 2/sub/only-one.doc: No such file or directory
diff "1/sub/hello.doc" "2/sub/hello.doc"
2d1
< world
diff "1/sub/hejsan.doc" "2/sub/hejsan.doc"

$ ./differ-r 2 1 "*"
diff "2/ett.txt" "1/ett.txt"
2c2
< farsan
---
> stabben
diff "2/two.doc" "1/two.doc"
diff "2/t r e.txt" "1/t r e.txt"
1c1
< 3
---
> t r e
diff "2/sub/hello.doc" "1/sub/hello.doc"
1a2
> world
diff "2/sub/hejsan.doc" "1/sub/hejsan.doc"

rsync带过滤器

如果您不需要获得任何描述差异的输出，只知道哪些文件不同或丢失（以便rsync想要复制它们），则可以使用以下命令行。

rsync --filter="+ <pattern>" --filter="+ */" --filter="- *"--filter="- */"  -avcn <source directory>/ <target directory>

演示

$ rsync --filter="+ *.doc" --filter="+ */" --filter="- *"  -avcn 1/ 2
sending incremental file list
./
sub/
sub/hello.doc
sub/only-one.doc

sent 276 bytes  received 35 bytes  622.00 bytes/sec
total size is 40  speedup is 0.13 (DRY RUN)

sent 360 bytes  received 41 bytes  802.00 bytes/sec
total size is 61  speedup is 0.15 (DRY RUN)
olle@bionic64 /media/multimed-2/test/test0/temp $ rsync --filter="+ *.txt" --filter="+ */" --filter="- *" -avcn 1/ 2
sending incremental file list
./
ett.txt
t r e.txt
sub/

sent 184 bytes  received 29 bytes  426.00 bytes/sec
total size is 21  speedup is 0.10 (DRY RUN)

如果您想要一个干净的输出，没有注释行和目录，您可以grep像这样输出，

$ pattern="*.doc"; rsync --filter="+ $pattern" --filter="+ */" --filter="- *"  -avcn 1/ 2 | grep "${pattern/\*/.\*}"
sub/hello.doc
sub/only-one.doc

Shell脚本rsync-diff

这一行可以成为 shellscript 的核心命令rsync-diff。

#!/bin/bash

LANG=C

if [ $# -ne 3 ]
then
 echo "Usage: compare files in two directories including subdirectories"
 echo "         $0 <source-dir> <target-dir> <pattern>"
 echo "Example: $0  subdir-1     subdir-2     \"*.txt\""
 exit
fi

pattern="$3"; rsync --filter="+ $pattern" --filter="+ */" --filter="- *" \
 -avcn "$1"/ "$2" | grep "${pattern//\*/.\*}" | grep -v \
  -e '/$' \
  -e '^sending incremental file list$' \
  -e '^sent.*received.*sec$' \
  -e '^total size is.*speedup.*(DRY RUN)$'

答案2

带外壳支撑命令替换您可以使用以下一行（正如@JammingThebBits 已经指出的那样）：

diff -r dir-a dir-b --exclude-from=<( \
find dir-a dir-b -type f -not \( -name '*.xml'  -or -name '*.java' \) \
| sed 's:^.*/\([^/]*\)$:\1:' \
)

它的工作原理如下：find搜索不感兴趣的文件，sed提取基本名称（basename如果有很多文件，运行速度会非常慢）并将它们放入暂时的文件;然后传递这样的文件来diff告诉它从比较中排除它们（双重排除=包含）。

如果您没有命令替换，请将sed输出放入文件中并将其显式传递给diff.

在示例中，我仅搜索 XML 和 JAVA 文件，根据需要通过用 OR 分隔它们来更改它们。

答案3

既然您提到“显然不强制使用 diff”，

这应该适合你融合 可以轻松配置要忽略的文件类型：

在此输入图像描述

此外，另一种选择是编写一个简单的脚本，该脚本将从白名单转移到黑名单，然后黑名单将通过选项传递到 diff --exclude。

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