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在 Latex 中使用 TikZ 创建框图时出现问题

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在 Latex 中使用 TikZ 创建框图时出现问题

我遇到了一个愚蠢的问题。我似乎无法连接最后两个框。而且我想在其中一个框中放入 |.|，但我不知道该怎么做。有人能帮我解决这个问题吗？

\documentclass{standalone}
\usepackage{amsmath,amscd,amssymb,latexsym,upref} %stmaryrd
\usepackage{pgfplots}
\pgfplotsset{compat=1.12}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows.meta,
                backgrounds,
                chains,
                fit,
                quotes}
\begin{document}

\resizebox{16cm}{2cm}{%
    \begin{tikzpicture}[auto,
    node distance = 12mm,
        start chain = A going right,
     block/.style = {draw, fill=white,
                     text width=#1, minimum height=10mm, align=center,
                     outer sep=0pt, on chain},
     block/.default = 18mm,
 container/.style = {draw, fill=gray!50,
                     inner xsep=2mm, inner ysep=7mm},
                        ]
\node   [block=14mm] {a};    % block name is A-1
\node   [block=12mm] {b};
\node   [block=22mm] {c};
\node   [block=15mm] {d};
\node   [block=22mm] {e};    % block name is A-4
\node   [block=22mm] {f};    % block name is A-6
\node   [block=12mm] {g};
\node   [block=24mm] {h};    % block name is A-8
\node   [block=24mm] {i};    % block name is A-8
%
\scoped[on background layer]
    \node [container, label={[anchor=north]joined},
           fit= (A-5) (A-6)] (container) {};
\draw [-Stealth]
    (A-1) edge  (A-2)    % text on arrow is between " and "
    (A-2) edge  (A-3)
    (A-3) edge  (A-4)
    (A-4) edge  (A-5)
    (A-5) edge  (A-6)
    (A-6) edge  (A-7);
    (A-7) edge (A-8);
    (A-8) edge (A-8);
    \end{tikzpicture}
    }
\end{document}

答案1

最后一个标记为 i 的块有名称A-9，如果您输入分号，则需要添加新的绘制命令。我希望我正确理解了您的模数条请求。

\documentclass{standalone}
\usepackage{amsmath,amscd,amssymb,latexsym,upref} %stmaryrd
\usepackage{pgfplots}
\pgfplotsset{compat=1.12}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows.meta,
                backgrounds,
                chains,
                fit,
                quotes}
\begin{document}

\resizebox{16cm}{2cm}{%
    \begin{tikzpicture}[auto,
    node distance = 12mm,
        start chain = A going right,
     block/.style = {draw, fill=white,
                     text width=#1, minimum height=10mm, align=center,
                     outer sep=0pt, on chain},
     block/.default = 18mm,
 container/.style = {draw, fill=gray!50,
                     inner xsep=2mm, inner ysep=7mm},
                        ]
\node   [block=14mm] {a};    % block name is A-1
\node   [block=12mm] {b};
\node   [block=22mm] {c};
\node   [block=15mm] {d};
\node   [block=22mm] {e~$|.|$};    % block name is A-4
\node   [block=22mm] {f};    % block name is A-6
\node   [block=12mm] {g};
\node   [block=24mm] {h};    % block name is A-8
\node   [block=24mm] {i};    % block name is A-9
%
\scoped[on background layer]
    \node [container, label={[anchor=north]joined},
           fit= (A-5) (A-6)] (container) {};
\draw [-Stealth]
    (A-1) edge  (A-2)    % text on arrow is between " and "
    (A-2) edge  (A-3)
    (A-3) edge  (A-4)
    (A-4) edge  (A-5)
    (A-5) edge  (A-6)
    (A-6) edge  (A-7)
    (A-7) edge (A-8)
    (A-8) edge (A-9);
    \end{tikzpicture}
    }
\end{document}

答案2

  • 我对所讨论的 mwe 非常熟悉 :-)
  • 您应该分析在 mwe 中使用的代码...然后您会观察到最后一个节点的名称是A-9（而不是A-8您在 mwe 中指出的那样）
  • 对于最常见的尺寸，您应该选择它作为默认尺寸，例如block/.default=22mm，仅为其余部分写入所需的文本宽度（您真的需要如此不同的节点大小吗？我只会使用18mmnad 9mm，请参阅下面的 mwe）
  • 您可以在节点中以文本形式写入数学表达式，例如 $|\cdot|$

  • *不要使用\resizebox{16cm}{...。它会调整图像中所有内容的大小并使其变得难看。而是重新计算节点的宽度和节点距离，使它们的总和为 16 厘米：

    14mm + 12mm + 22mm + 15mm + 22mm + 22mm +12mm +24mm +24mm + 9x2x(内间隔) +8*(节点距离)=318 mm

    这几乎是长度的两倍。我建议将所有图像元素的长度减半（参见下文）并使用较小的字体大小，例如footnotesize：

从 mwe 不遵循，您将在节点之间的箭头上添加文本。如果是这种情况，那么您可以使用库join中的宏来绘制它们chains

考虑以上评论和建议，您的目标将变为：

\documentclass[margin=3mm]{standalone}
\usepackage{amsmath,amscd,amssymb,latexsym,upref} %stmaryrd
\usepackage{pgfplots}
\pgfplotsset{compat=1.15}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows.meta,
                backgrounds,
                chains,
                fit,
                quotes}
\begin{document}

    \begin{tikzpicture}[
    node distance = 7mm,
        start chain = A going right,
     block/.style = {draw, fill=white,
                     text width=#1, minimum height=10mm, align=center,
                     font=\footnotesize, inner sep=1mm, outer sep=0pt,
                     on chain, join=by -Stealth},
     block/.default = 12mm,
 container/.style = {draw, fill=gray!50,
                     inner xsep=2mm, inner ysep=7mm},
                        ]
\node   [block=6mm] {a};    % block name is A-1
\node   [block=6mm] {b};
\node   [block]     {$|\cdot|$};
\node   [block=6mm] {d};
\node   [block]     {e};    % block name is A-4
\node   [block]     {f};    % block name is A-6
\node   [block=6mm] {g};
\node   [block]     {h};
\node   [block]     {i};    % block name is A-9
%
\scoped[on background layer]
    \node [container, label={[anchor=north]joined},
           fit= (A-5) (A-6)] (container) {};
    \end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

笔记：如果您喜欢标记节点之间的箭头，那么您应该join从块样式定义中删除选项并向图像添加：

\draw [-Stealth]
    (A-1) edge ["$\alpha$"]    (A-2) 
    (A-2) edge ["$\beta$"]     (A-3)
    (A-3) edge ["$\gamma$"]    (A-4)
    (A-4) edge ["$\epsilon$"]  (A-5)
    (A-5) edge ["$\zeta$"]     (A-6)
    (A-6) edge ["$\theta$"]    (A-7)
    (A-7) edge ["$\iota$"]     (A-8)
    (A-8) edge ["$\kappa$"]    (A-9);

并在图像选项中添加：

every edge quote/.append style = {font=\footnotesize}

在此处输入图片描述

绘制图像需要大量的耐心、准确性和时间......

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