☰

为了实现非不透明度，后期动作中双倍距离的替代方案？

tag-icon • tag-icon tikz-pgf tikz-styles
为了实现非不透明度，后期动作中双倍距离的替代方案？

我受到了这个帖子中 OP 的启发： Tikz：绘制铁轨 制作一个 tikzstyle，让我可以绘制任意形状的带黑色边框的银色线条（这实际上是火车轨道的一部分，但链接线程中的示例不符合我的要求）。但是，正如链接线程的评论中所述，双倍距离使线条之间的区域不透明。添加 double=none 只会使它们变成黑色而不是白色……但我需要它们 100% 透明。有没有办法更改我的代码，使其像现在一样工作，但线条之间的空间是透明的？

这是我的最小代码示例：

\documentclass[tikz]{standalone}
\usetikzlibrary{decorations.pathmorphing}
\usepackage{pagecolor}


\definecolor{railColor}{RGB}{200,200,200}
\newcommand{\connectionRailThickness}{0.051cm}
\newcommand{\connectionRailLineThickness}{0.013cm}
\newcommand{\connectionRailDistance}{0.367cm}


\tikzstyle{track}=[
postaction={draw=black,decorate,fill=none,double distance=\connectionRailDistance+\connectionRailThickness-\connectionRailLineThickness,line width=\connectionRailLineThickness},
postaction={draw=railColor,decorate,fill=none,double distance=\connectionRailDistance-\connectionRailThickness-\connectionRailLineThickness,line width=\connectionRailThickness},
postaction={draw=black,decorate,fill=none,double distance=\connectionRailDistance-\connectionRailThickness-\connectionRailLineThickness,line width=\connectionRailLineThickness},
]


\begin{document}
\pagecolor{yellow}

\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw[track] (0,0) to (10,0);
\end{tikzpicture}

\end{document}

答案1

这不完全符合您的要求，但我认为它非常接近。唯一的缺点是您需要\draw每条路径使用两条线，而不是一条线。第一种使用outlined track，第二种track使用。两种样式都使用略微修改的版本Mark Wibrow 的回答。

\begin{tikzpicture}
  \draw[outlined track] (0,0) to (10,0);
  \draw[track] (0,0) to (10,0);
  \begin{scope}[shift=(-45:4)]
    \draw [outlined track] (-2,5) to (0,5) to[out=  0,in=270] (2,8);
    \draw [track] (-2,5) to (0,5) to[out=  0,in=270] (2,8);
    \draw [outlined track]  (6,5) to (4,5) to[out=180,in=270] (2,8) to (2,10);
    \draw [track] (6,5) to (4,5) to[out=180,in=270] (2,8) to (2,10);
  \end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}

我认为从输出来看结果还不错：

轮廓轨迹

理想情况下，可以实现更多的自动化，但基本想法似乎相当合理。本质上，我们首先用轮廓颜色（black默认）绘制略微放大的轨道版本，然后用填充颜色（gray默认）绘制正常大小的轨道版本。这样做之后，我们还可以通过调整装饰代码dash pattern中使用的定义来包含枕木tracks。首先，我们调整开关模式以适应较粗的轮廓线和较细的填充线的不同尺寸。然后我们dash phase以类似的方式适当地抵消它。

这一切都非常简单。代码基本上是马克的——我只是在负责睡眠者的装饰部分添加了几个键、另一种风格和非常小的灵活性。

\documentclass[border=10pt]{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage{pagecolor}

% addaswyd o ateb Mark Wibrow: https://tex.stackexchange.com/a/198114/
\usetikzlibrary{decorations,fit,fadings}

% Layers
\pgfdeclarelayer{sleeper}
\pgfdeclarelayer{rail}
\pgfsetlayers{sleeper,rail,main}

\pgfdeclaredecoration{tracks}{final}{%
  \state{final}{%
    \pgftransformreset% <- I think is possibly vital.% <- cfr: why?
    %
    % Get bounding box of decorated path as a node.
    % Must do it this way using basic layer.
    \pgftransformshift{\pgfpointanchor{current path bounding box}{south west}}%
    \pgfcoordinate{@1}\pgfpointorigin
    \pgftransformshift{\pgfpointanchor{current path bounding box}{north east}}%
    \pgfcoordinate{@2}\pgfpointorigin
    \node [fit=(@1)(@2), inner sep=\railsep+2*\railwidth] (@@) {};
    %
    % Create a fading for the track.
    \pgfinterruptpicture%
    \begin{tikzfadingfrompicture}[name=tracks]
      \path[draw=transparent!0, line width=\railsep+2*\railwidth, postaction={draw=transparent!100, line width=\railsep}] \pgfextra{\pgfsetpath\pgfdecoratedpath};
      \useasboundingbox (@@.south west) (@@.north east);
    \end{tikzfadingfrompicture}%
    \endpgfinterruptpicture
    %
    % Draw sleepers.
    \ifx\sleeperlayer\emptylayer\else\pgfonlayer{\sleeperlayer}\fi
    \draw [draw=\sleepercolor, line width=\sleeperlength, dash pattern=on \sleeperwidth off {\sleepersep-\sleeperwidth+\sleeperowidth}, dash phase={0.5*(\sleeperwidth-\sleeperowidth)}, every sleeper/.try] \pgfextra{\pgfsetpath\pgfdecoratedpath};
    \ifx\sleeperlayer\emptylayer\else\endpgfonlayer\fi
    %
    % Draw the track
    \ifx\raillayer\emptylayer\else\pgfonlayer{\raillayer}\fi
    \fill [path fading=tracks, fit fading=false, fading transform={shift=(@@.center)}, fill=\railcolor] (@@.south west) rectangle (@@.north east);
    \ifx\raillayer\emptylayer\else\endpgfonlayer\fi
  }
}
\def\emptylayer{}
\tikzset{%
  track/.style={
    decoration=tracks, decorate
  },
  outlined track/.style={
    track,
    decorations/.cd,
    rail width=\railowidth,
    rail sep=\railisep,
    rail color=\raildraw,
    sleeper color=\sleeperdraw,
    sleeper width=\sleeperowidth,
  },
  decorations/.cd,
  rail sep/.store in=\railsep,
  rail inner sep/.store in=\railisep,
  rail width/.store in=\railwidth,
  rail inner width/.forward to=/tikz/decorations/rail width,
  rail outer width/.store in=\railowidth,
  rail color/.store in=\railcolor,
  rail draw/.store in=\raildraw,
  rail layer/.store in=\raillayer,
  sleeper sep/.store in=\sleepersep,
  sleeper width/.store in=\sleeperwidth,
  sleeper inner width/.store in=\sleeperiwidth,
  sleeper inner width/.forward to=/tikz/decorations/sleeper width,
  sleeper outer width/.store in=\sleeperowidth,
  sleeper length/.store in=\sleeperlength,
  sleeper color/.store in=\sleepercolor,
  sleeper draw/.store in=\sleeperdraw,
  sleeper layer/.store in=\sleeperlayer,
  rail sep=4pt,
  rail inner sep=3pt,
  rail inner width=1pt,
  rail outer width=2pt,
  rail color=gray,
  rail draw=black,
  rail layer=rail,
  sleeper sep=6pt,
  sleeper inner width=1pt,
  sleeper outer width=2pt,
  sleeper length=10pt,
  sleeper color=gray,
  sleeper draw=black,
  sleeper layer=sleeper,
}

\begin{document}
\pagecolor{yellow}
\begin{tikzpicture}
  \draw[outlined track] (0,0) to (10,0);
  \draw[track] (0,0) to (10,0);
  \begin{scope}[shift=(-45:4)]
    \draw [outlined track] (-2,5) to (0,5) to[out=  0,in=270] (2,8);
    \draw [track] (-2,5) to (0,5) to[out=  0,in=270] (2,8);
    \draw [outlined track]  (6,5) to (4,5) to[out=180,in=270] (2,8) to (2,10);
    \draw [track] (6,5) to (4,5) to[out=180,in=270] (2,8) to (2,10);
  \end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}  
\end{document}

相关内容